ABSTRACT. Conservation efforts over the last 20 years for the Gunnison Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus minimus) have involved extensive habitat manipulations done predominantly to improve brood rearing habitat for the grouse. However, the effects of Gunnison Sage-Grouse habitat treatments on sympatric avifauna and responses of vegetation to manipulations are rarely measured, and if they are, it is immediately following treatment implementation. This study examined the concept of umbrella species management by retrospectively comparing density and occupancy of eight sagebrush associated songbird species and six measures of vegetation in treated and control sites. Our results suggested that songbird densities and occupancy changed for birds at the extreme ends of their association with sagebrush and varied with fine-scale habitat structure. We found Brewer's Sparrows (Spizella breweri) decreased in density on treated sites and Vesper Sparrows (Pooecetes gramineus) increased. Occupancy estimation revealed that Brewer's Sparrows and Green-tailed Towhees (Pipilo chlorurus) occupied significantly fewer treated points whereas Vesper Sparrows occupied significantly more. Vegetation comparisons between treated and control areas found shrub cover to be 26% lower in treated sites. Lower shrub cover in treated areas may explain the differences in occupancy and densities of the species sampled based on known habitat needs. The fine-scale analysis showed a negative relationship to forb height and cover for the Sage Sparrow (Amphispiza belli) indicating, from vegetation measures showing grass and forb cover during a good precipitation year covered significantly more area in the treatment than the control sites, that Sage Sparrows may also not respond favorably to Gunnison Sage-Grouse habitat treatments. While the concept of an umbrella species is appealing, evidence from this study suggests that conservation efforts aimed at the Gunnison Sage-Grouse may not be particularly effective for conserving other sagebrush obligate species of concern. This is probably due to Gunnison Sage-Grouse habitat management being focused on the improvement of brood rearing habitat which reduces sagebrush cover and promotes development of understory forbs and grasses.Effets des efforts d'aménagement de l'habitat du Tétras du Gunnison sur l'avifaune associée et la structure de la végétation RÉSUMÉ. Les efforts de conservation du Tétras du Gunnison (Centrocercus minimus) au cours des 20 dernières années se sont transposés en d'importantes manipulations de l'habitat visant d'abord à améliorer l'habitat d'élevage des jeunes. Toutefois, les effets de l'aménagement de l'habitat du Tétras du Gunnison sur l'avifaune sympatrique et l'évolution de la végétation à la suite des manipulations sont rarement mesurés, et dans les cas où ils le sont, ces mesures sont prises immédiatement à la suite de l'aménagement. La présente étude examine le concept de gestion par espèces parapluie en comparant rétrospectivement la densité et l'occurrence de huit passereaux associés ...

The thousands of plans of Scottish estates produced in the late-eighteenth and earlynineteenth centuries comprise a resource of huge potential for the study of the development of the Scottish rural landscape. These plans become all the more important once it is appreciated that in some parts of Scotland elements of eighteenth-century landscapes have survived two centuries of improvement, and can be studied on the ground as well as in map archives. Using the example of RCAHMS fieldwork on Lochtayside, Perthshire, this paper offers an approach for best-fitting estate plans to the modern map using GIS technology so that they can be compared directly with data from archaeological field survey, thus adding considerable value to both forms of evidence.