The factors which influence chemical shifts are examined in order to elucidate the cause of the anomalous chemical shifts for Cd and Ag oxides. The effects of extra-atomic relaxation are accounted for using a procedure employing experimental Auger and binding energies. Atomic partial ionic charges for some simple Cd, Ag, and Zn compounds are calculated from experimental binding energies using a model which includes the effects of lattice potentials and extra-atomic relaxation. Inclusion of extra-atomic relaxation effects did not have a drastic effect on the relative ionicities computed for these selected compounds. However, for CdO, a large extra-atomic relaxation energy contribution reduces the binding energy by 0.5 eV more than is predicted from nearest neighbor electronegativity arguments.

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Recent mathematical approximations of &pz), the depth distribution of electron-excited x-rays, have opened up the possibility of accurate quantitative analysis of thin-film specimens by electron beam techniques. This method has been used extensively in electron probe microanalysis. This paper demonstrates quantitative analyses of thin films wing energydispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) coupled with the #(pz) methid. Metal and oxide films were analyzed by several techniques, including electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF); the results were compared with those obtained from the EDS thin-film analysis. In the case of A120, films, EDS film tbickness results agree to within +4%, +7% and f9% of the TEM, EPMA and SE results, respectively. For metal films, the EDS results agree to within f 12% (thicknesses) and f 7% (composition) of the RBS, EPMA and XRF results..

XPS spectra of manganese dioxide (MnO2) powder are presented. The spectra were collected using monochromated Al Kα x-rays. Spectra include survey scan, the Mn 2p, 3p, and 3s regions, the O 1s region, and the Mn LMM Auger transitions.

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