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Objectives. Chronic neuropathic pain has been an enigma to physicians and researchers for decades. A better understanding of its pathophysiology has given us more insight into its various mechanisms and possible treatment options. We now have an understanding of the role of various ionic channels, biologically active molecules involved in pain, and also the intricate pain pathways where possible interventions might lead to substantial pain relief. The recent research on laboratory animals using virus-based vectors for gene transfer at targeted sites is very promising and may lead to additional human clinical trials. However, one needs to be aware that this "novel" approach is still in its infancy and that many of its details need to be further elucidated. The purpose of this article is to thoroughly review the current available literature and analyze the deficiencies in our current knowledge.Design. Literature review.Methods. After an extensive online literature search, a total of 133 articles were selected to synthesize a comprehensive review about chronic neuropathic pain and gene therapy in order to understand the concepts and mechanisms.Results. Most of the studies have shown benefits of gene therapy in animal models, and recently, phase 1 human trials using herpes simplex virus vector have started for intractable cancer pain.Conclusion. Although animal data have shown safety and efficacy, and initial human trials have been promising, additional studies in humans are required to more completely understand the actual benefits and risks of using gene therapy for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.

2The Jarrold Footbridge in Norwich, UK opened to the public in January 2012, linking the new St James Place development to the historic city centre. As well as providing a crossing, the bridge invites visitors to linger, enjoy the river environment and make the most of distant views of the magnificent cathedral. This case study describes how the form of the bridge evolved from the unique characteristics of the site and the engineering logic, which substantiates this subtle structure. It describes the structural principles, which enabled the architectural concept for a bridge that gently floats across the water with little apparent support. This paper relates the whole design and construction process; how parametric three-dimensional modelling was used to trace the most efficient path through interwoven sustainable transport routes and the natural features of the site. It describes the structural optimisation process and the reality of translating the sweeping curves of the geometry into steel and timber.Finally, this paper explains the use of software in design and the positive implications for collaborative working in construction.From the apex of the bridge views open up along the river, the parkland to the southeast and the landscaped riverbank.