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Aim: The focus of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis in Oyo State, Nigeria. Study Design:  A cross sectional retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: St Mary’s Catholic Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between October 2016 and March 2018 Methodology: In this study, 1044 patients diagnosed in the GeneXpert laboratory was conducted using the laboratory register. The age, gender, HIV Status, MTB analysis results and resistance to rifampicin were collected and analyzed. Results: Of the 1044 tested, 177 (17%) tested positive for TB while 19 (10.7%) of the 177 were resistant to rifampicin. Fourteen (73.7%) of the 19 were male and 5 (26.3%) were female. Fourteen (73.7%) of the 19 fell between 21 - 40 years of age. Seven (36.8%) of the 19 resistant to rifampicin were HIV positive. Of the total 1044 patients tested, 601 (57.6%) were females and 443 (44.4%) were male. Conclusion: This study showed that rifampicin resistant tuberculosis is high in Nigeria especially among the economically productive age group in the country. More attention should be committed to quick accessibility of diagnosis, treatment and monitoring by the policymakers.

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