We present the first part of the observations made for the Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies, an EVLA Survey (CHANG-ES) project. The aim of the CHANG-ES project is to study and characterize the nature of radio halos, their prevalence, as well as their magnetic fields and the cosmic rays illuminating these fields. This paper reports observations with the compact D-configuration of the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) for the sample of 35 nearby edge-on galaxies of CHANG-ES. With the new wide bandwidth capabilities of the VLA, an unprecedented sensitivity was achieved for all polarization products. The beam resolution is an average of 9.6 and 36 with noise levels reaching approximately 6 and 30 µJy/beam for C and L bands respectively (robust weighting).We present intensity maps in these two frequency bands (C and L), with different weightings, as well as spectral index maps, polarization maps and new measurements of star formation rates. The data products described herein are available to the public in CHANG-ES Data Release available at http://www.queensu.ca/changes.We also present evidence of a trend between galaxies with larger halos having higher SFR surface density, and show, for the first time, a radio continuum image of the median galaxy, taking advantage of the collective signal-to-noise of 30 of our galaxies. This image shows clearly that a 'typical' spiral galaxy is surrounded by a halo of magnetic fields and cosmic rays.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the quantitative measurement tools used in fields of study related to coproduction, as an approach to mobilizing knowledge, in order to inform the measurement of impact.Design/methodology/approachAn overview methodology was used to synthesize the findings from prior instrument reviews, focusing on the contexts in which measurement tools have been used, the main constructs and content themes of the tools, and the extent to which the tools display promising psychometric and pragmatic qualities.FindingsEight identified reviews described 441 instruments and measures designed to capture various aspects of knowledge being mobilized among diverse research stakeholders, with 291 (66%) exhibiting relevance for impact measurement.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies that measure aspects of coproduction need to engage more openly and critically with psychometric and pragmatic considerations when designing, implementing and reporting on measurement tools.Practical implicationsTwenty-seven tools with strong measurement properties for evidencing impact in coproduction were identified, offering a starting point for scholars and practitioners engaging in partnered approaches to research, such as in professional learning networks.Originality/valueCurrent quantitative approaches to measuring the impacts of coproduction are failing to do so in ways that are meaningful, consistent, rigorous, reproducible and equitable. This paper provides a first step to addressing this issue by exploring promising measurement tools from fields of study with theoretical similarities to coproduction.
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