Purpose -Facebook users are both producers and consumers (i.e. "prosumers"), in the sense that they produce the disclosures that allow for Facebook's business success and they consume services. The purpose of this paper is to examine how best to characterize the commercialized and compliant members. The authors question the Facebook assertion that members knowingly and willingly approve of personal and commercial transparency and argue, instead, that complicity is engineered. Design/methodology/approach -A survey of Facebook users was conducted between December 2010 and April 2011 at one private and four public universities. Respondents were questioned about: the level of their consumer activity on Facebook; their knowledge of Facebook advertiser data sharing practices and their attitude toward such; their use of sharing restrictions and the groups targeted; and their assessment of transparency benefits versus reputation and consumer risks. Findings -No evidence was found to support the Facebook account of happy prosumers. Members reported that they avoided advertisements as much as possible and opposed data sharing/selling practices. However, many respondents were found to be relatively uneducated and passive prosumers, and those expressing a high concern for privacy were no exception. Research limitations/implications -Due to the nonprobability sampling method, the results may lack generalizability. Practical implications -To avoid unwanted commercialization, users of social networking sites must become more aware of data mining and privacy protocols, demand more protections, or switch to more prosumer-friendly platforms. Originality/value -The paper reports empirical findings on Facebook members' prosumption patterns and attitudes.
In this paper, we challenge the conventional wisdom that high‐quality news reports of questionable corporate business practices will stimulate various marketplace negative responses, which in turn, will pressure management to undertake actions designed to protect the organization's reputation. Analysis is confined to a relatively brief period of bad news relating to Citigroup, Inc. We conclude that while none of the expected negative marketplace responses are evident in widely available news sources, the CEO did exhibit significant concern and instituted a targeted reputation risk management program. In the absence of a concerned CEO, analysts should not, we suggest, expect a management team to respond with reputation‐enhancing corrective action solely as a reaction to negative publicity regarding questionable business practices.
Any historical study must necessarily pass through two stages. In the first events are chronicled-the important point is to discover exactly what happened, in a descriptive sense, and exactly when. When sufficient chronicling has been done, the second stage is reached-the problem now is to establish causal relationships between events, to come to understand why things happened as they did.While the chronicle aspects of the history of science have not been (and never will be) exhausted, sufficient fact has been accumulated for historians of science to pass on to the second stage, to try to discover the general laws of cause and effect operating within their field. If we desire to use history as a guide to the future, as many of us do, then the study of causal laws becomes all important. For a generation or so much attention has been devoted to these questions, and many important results have been attained. The most notable result, however, has been the division of historians as a whole into two opposing camps:(a) those who stress mainly internal causes or influences-the comparatively high degree of rational order in the development of science and the mechanisms through which that order is achieved; (b) those who direct attention mainly to external influences-motives arising from social needs and desires, methods and modes of approach derived from the general framework of thought current in a society, experimental techniques made possible by technological development, etc.
Organizations have become increasingly concerned about employee use of the Internet for personal reasons while at work. Monitoring Internet usage has become more and more prevalent in the workplace. While there may be legitimate business functions such as employee performance appraisal that are served by monitoring, poorly designed and communicated monitoring practices can have negative effects on employee morale and may be considered an invasion of privacy. Universities are another venue where Internet monitoring occurs. This paper explores whether there was a significant difference in attitude towards Internet usage and monitoring at the university as compared to the workplace. It is the result of a comparative study.
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