IL-1RN*2 was significantly associated with SVD. A difference in genetic association between SVD and MVD was also apparent.

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OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and complications of botulinum A toxin (Dysport, Ipsen Ltd, Slough, UK) 500 U in refractory idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO). PATIENTS AND METHODS In a prospective study of 25 patients with refractory IDO, the baseline evaluation included an assessment of symptoms, a 7‐day voiding diary, 24‐h pad test, record of symptoms on a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0–10), the Kings Health Questionnaire (KHQ) and urodynamics. Dysport 500 U was administered at 20 sites in the bladder, sparing the trigone. Patients were followed at 6 weeks and 3, 6 and 9 months; the urodynamic assessment was repeated at 3 months. RESULTS Fifteen (63%) patients reported being continent from 1 week after treatment; at 3 months, six (32%) (P = 0.01) patients were still dry, remaining so at 6 months (P = 0.025). Weekly leakage episodes decreased from 5.5 to 1.8 (P = 0.044) at 6 weeks and this was sustained, at 2.7 episodes (P = 0.012), at 9 months. The mean VAS score (0–10) decreased from 8.3 to 5.0 (P = 0.001) at 1 week, to 5.0 at 6 weeks (P = 0.001) and 3 months (P = 0.03) and to 6.1 (P = 0.013) at 6 months. On the KHQ there was a significant improvement in the severity measures domain (P = 0.021) and incontinence impact domain (P = 0.015) up to 9 months. The volume at first desire to void increased from 177 to 251 mL (P = 0.04) at 3 months. At 6 weeks and 3 months, 35% of patients required catheterization, as did 22% at 6 months, but only one at 9 months. CONCLUSIONS Intradetrusor Dysport 500 U was associated with significant subjective and objective improvements in refractory IDO. The present patients initially had a significant increase in voiding dysfunction that resolved by 9 months.

Single-incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women (Review)

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Summary.A diverse range of heterotrophic bacteria was screened for the presence of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, sensitivity to inhibition of growth by acetazolamide (CA inhibitor), and the presence of protein binding monospecific antibody prepared against purified Neisseria sicca CA. CA activity was demonstrated only in strains of N. sicca and N . gonorrhoeae. However, all Neisseria strains, including various isolates of N . meningitidis and N . lactamica, were sensitive to acetazolamide, when grown in air, and showed serological cross-reaction with N . sicca CA. Strains of other genera were resistant to acetazolamide. A number of strains including members of the genera Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Serratia and Proteus also strongly expressed a gene product(s) immunologically related to CA. The presence of CA cross-reacting proteins, which lack hydrase activity, is discussed in relation to the function of the various mammalian CA isoenzymes.

A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for the rat carbonic anhydrase III isoenzyme was developed. High concentrations of carbonic anhydrase III were detected in soleus muscle and male liver. Female liver and other skeletal muscles contained significantly lower concentrations, and only trace amounts were found in heart, prostate, kidney, brain, plasma, urine and, possibly, erythrocytes.