Culture, Economic creativity, Innovation, Entrepreneurship, National prosperity, Structural equation modeling, O31, C12, C31, L26,

Sex differences in training loads could contribute to the greater injury risk for women during basic training. Daily RPE appears a practical option for measuring internal training load during military training.

PurposeThe purpose of the present study, which is part of a larger cross‐cultural study, is to examine two potential antecedents of entrepreneurial intent (EI): proactive personality (PP) and entrepreneurial self‐efficacy (ESE). Specifically, the study is interested in empirically testing the mechanism (mediation/moderation) by which ESE affected the relationship between PP/EI.Design/methodology/approachFor testing the mediation and moderation hypotheses the study used structural equation modeling and moderated regression analyses respectively.FindingsThe authors found that PP has a robust relationship with the three different manifestations of EI – general, high growth, and lifestyle. Furthermore, ESE not only mediated the relationship between PP and all the three forms of EI but also moderated the relationship between PP and high growth EI as well as PP and lifestyle EI.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors studied intent, not behavior, with the understanding that cognitive intent is a powerful predictor of later behavior. Future research can replicate this study using entrepreneurial behavior instead of intent. Implications for education and future research are discussed.Practical implicationsThe results of the study can be used and applied to both pedagogic and business settings in the field of entrepreneurship.Originality/valueThe present study not only provides evidence for the robust relationship between EI and PP but provides insight into the mechanism by which ESE affects EI/PP relationship.

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