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Rattan, Old World climbing palm, is an extremely valuable nontimber forest product whose canes are gathered for both market and nonmarket uses. I evaluated the effects of harvesting commercial rattan, Calamus zollingeri Becc., on genet survival and ramet demography in two primary forest sites near Lore Lindu National Park in Sulawesi, Indonesia. I monitored 168 permanently marked C. zollingeri genets for 4 years and surveyed random transects for C. zollingeri genet and ramet populations and evidence of cane harvesting in 1996 and 2000. Cane harvesting had no significant effect on genet survival or mean ramet densities. However, current cane extraction rates significantly reduced mean cane lengths and total available cane throughout the area during the study period. Based on observed genet and ramet populations and average cane growth rates of 1.4 m/year, the sustained-yield harvesting potential of C. zollingeri is approximately 101 m and 56 m/ha/ year in the two study sites. Although C. zollingeri exhibits life-history traits well suited to sustained-yield harvesting, including production of multiple canes, cane resprouting following harvest, rapid cane growth, and widespread abundance below 1100 m, current harvest rates exceed growth and yield, and supplies of cane are being depleted. Rattan harvesting is widespread in Lore Lindu National Park. Approximately 18% of the park (42,000 ha) is likely subject to intensive and unsustainable extraction of C. zollingeri.Efectos Demográficos de la Recolección de Cañas de Ratán y sus Implicaciones para la Cosecha Sostenible Resumen: El ratán, palma trepadora del Viejo Mundo, es un producto forestal no maderable extremadamente valioso cuyas cañas son colectadas tanto para usos de mercado como no mercado. Evalué los efectos de la cosecha del ratán comercial, Calamus zollingeri Becc., sobre la supervivencia de genet y demografía de rámulas en dos sitios de bosque primario cerca del Parque Nacional Lore Lindu en Sulawesi, Indonesia. Durante 4 años monitoreé 168 genets de C. zollingeri marcados permanentemente y revisé transectos aleatorios en busca de poblaciones de genet y rámulas de C. zollingeri, así como evidencia de cosecha de cañas en 1996 y 2000. La cosecha de cañas no tuvo efecto significativo sobre la supervivencia de genets ni las densidades promedio de rámulas. Sin embargo, las tasas de extracción de caña actuales redujeron significativamente la longitud promedio de las cañas y la disponibilidad total de cañas en toda elárea durante el período de estudio. Con base en poblaciones observadas de genets y rámulas y las tasas promedio de crecimiento de cañas de 1.4 m/año, el potencial de cosecha de producción sostenida de C. zollingeri es de aproximadamente 101m y 56m/ha/año en los dos sitios estudiados. Aunque C. zollingeri exhibe características adecuadas para cosechas de producción sostenida, incluyendo la producción de cañas múltiples, rebrote de cañas después de la cosecha, crecimiento rápido de cañas y amplia abundancia debajo de los 1100 m, las tasas de cosecha ac...

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We studied species richness and density of rattan palms in 50 plots of 10 9 100 m 2 each between 250 m and 2420 m in eight sites in Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), Central Sulawesi. Rattans were observed in all sample sites, representing three genera and 34 species. The elevational patterns for species richness and density were humped-shaped with maxima around 1000 m. Polynomial models of second order explained 59 and 32% of species richness and density with the factor elevation, respectively. A majority of rattan species (65%) overlapped between 1000 and 1100 m elevation, while a pronounced change in the rattan flora occurred above 1100 m. Commercially important rattan species (Calamus zollingeri, C. ornatus var. celebicus, Daemonorops macroptera) were not observed above 1250 m. The change of species assemblage was significantly related to elevation (56%), followed by geographical distance (47%) and precipitation (40%). Less than 10% of LLNP is lowland forests, much of which is threatened by agricultural intensification. In contrast, montane forests are well represented in the park and high elevation forests are not subject to agricultural conversion or intensive harvesting of rattan and other forest products.