This report contains data on the physical and chemical properties measured in the Tidal Potomac River and Estuary during the 1981 water year. Data were collected at least weekly at five stations and periodically at 15 stations and at two other stations near the mouth of the Potomac River in Chesapeake Bay. Each of the five stations represent a cross section at which the transport of selected dissolved and suspended materials can be computed. The remaining 17 stations are locations at which data were collected for special studies of selected phenomena, such as salt water migration and dissolved oxygen dynamics. Samples were routinely analyzed for chlorophyll-a, nitrogen, pheophytin, phosphorus, silica and suspended sediment. Additional samples were analyzed for adenosine triphosphate, algal growth potential, alkalinity, calcium, chloride, dissolved-solids residue, fluoride, iron, manganese, magnesium, nitrifying bacteria, organic carbon, potassium, seston, sodium, and sulfate. In addition, in situ measurements of dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, pH, temperature, solar radiation, and Secchi disk transparency were made.
The investigations and scientific results reported in this series require a nationally consistent streamgaging network with stable long-term monitoring sites and a rigorous program of data, quality assurance, management, archiving, and synthesis. NSIP produces multipurpose, unbiased surface-water information that is readily accessible to all.
The availability and suitability of existing information on municipal wastewater-treatment practices and effluent characteristics for use in a national water-quality assessment were evaluated. The information will be used to determine the effects of changes in wastewater-treatment practices on stream quality and ecosystem health. A large amount of information on treatment practices and effluent characteristics exists, and some of this information is available from Federal and State computer data bases. However, the suitability of existing information to accomplish the objectives of a national water-quality assessment is limited. The suitability of this information would be improved by (1) increasing the number of water-quality constituents routinely analyzed for in samples of municipal effluent, (2) increasing the frequency of effluent sampling at some facilities, (3) developing a quality-assurance plan for wastewater flow-rate determinates, and (4) increasing the amount of effluent water-quality data entered into Federal and State computer data bases.
This report describes and presents the sampling design, methods, qualityassurance methods and results, and information on how to obtain data collected at eight fixed stations in the upper Illinois River Basin as part of the pilot phase of the National Water-Quality Assessment program. Data were collected monthly from April 1987-August 1990; these data were supplemented with data collected during special events, including high and low flows. Each fixed station represents a cross section at which the transport of selected dissolved and suspended materials can be computed. Samples collected monthly and during special events were analyzed for concentrations of major ions, nutrients, trace elements, organic carbon, chlorophyll-a, suspended sediment, and other constituents. Field measurements of water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and indicator bacteria also were made at each site. Samples of suspended sediment were analyzed for concentrations of major ions and trace elements. In addition, samples were analyzed seasonally for concentrations of antimony, bromide, molybdenum, and the radionuclides gross alpha and gross beta. Purpose and Scope This report describes and presents the approach, sampling design, and methods used in the fixed-station water-quality sampling program of the upper Illinois River Basin NAWQA pilot project. Information is provided on how to obtain data for the following groups of water-quality constituents for samples collected monthly and during special events: major ions, nutrients, trace elements, organic carbon, chlorophyll-a, suspended sediment, major ions and trace elements in suspended sediment, and other constituents. Information is also provided on how to obtain data for field measurements of water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, indicator bacteria, and other physical properties. In addition, information is presented on how to obtain data for water samples analyzed seasonally for concentrations of antimony, bromide, molybdenum, and the radionuclides gross alpha and gross beta. In addition, sample-collection, preparation, and analysis methods are described, and qualityassurance methods and results are documented. THE UPPER ILLINOIS RIVER BASIN A detailed description of the physical characteristics, geology, climate, land use, and water use of the upper Illinois River Basin are presented in Mades (1987, p. 4-25). This section only presents a brief description of relevant basin characteristics. The upper Illinois River Basin drains 10,949 mi2 in northeastern Illinois, northwestern Indiana, southeastern Wisconsin, and southwestern Michigan (fig. 1) (all figures and tables are at end of report). The areas of the upper Illinois River Basin in each of these States as percentages of total basin drainage area are 62, 28, 10, and less than 1, respectively. The basin is drained by three principal rivers-the Kankakee, the Fox, and the Des Plaines Rivers. The Kankakee River drains 47.2 percent of the study area; the Fox River, 24.3 percent; and the Des...
Flood-inundation data are most useful for decision makers when presented in the context of maps of effected communities and (or) areas. But because the data are scarce and rarely cover the full extent of the flooding, interpolation and extrapolation of the information are needed. Many geographic information systems (GIS) provide various interpolation tools, but these tools often ignore the effects of the topographic and hydraulic features that influence flooding. A barrier mapping method was developed to improve maps of storm tide produced by Hurricane Rita. Maps were developed for the maximum storm tide and at 3-hour intervals from midnight (0000 hour) through noon (1200 hour) on September 24, 2005. The improved maps depict storm-tide elevations and the extent of flooding. The extent of storm-tide inundation from the improved maximum storm-tide map was compared to the extent of flood-inundation from a map prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The boundaries from these two maps generally compared quite well especially along the Calcasieu River. Also a cross-section profile that parallels the Louisiana coast was developed from the maximum storm-tide map and included FEMA high-water marks.
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