An understanding of the overall porous copper behavior is developed through the combination of real data from microstructures and the fundamental material characteristics of the constitutive phases. Captured morphological images, using the Nano-CT are utilized to generate the geometric information. Object-oriented finite element (OOF) analysis is quite a novel numerical approach to incorporate morphological images, acquired from scanning electron microscopy into 2-D finite element modeling. This paper seeks to investigate the porosities using two methods (Archimedes principle and Nano-CT) and then to introduce an image-based extended OOF modeling technique based on mapping the real microstructures of porous copper and gage its ability to predict the elastic moduli and evaluate the deformation mechanism resulting from the porous copper. Dissolution sintering technique was used by mixing Cu powders with NaCl in the volume ratio of 1:1 and 1:3 adding polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binder with NaCl as the space holder. The green form was pressed at 375 MPa using a four-column hydraulic lab press. The NaCl was leached out in hot water at 70°C and then sintered to a temperature of 850°C. Porosity values were determined from density measurements to give the porosity values of 42.2 and 45.71 % for volume ratio of 1:1 and 1:3, respectively. The material properties were obtained from the tests and compared to previous literature. Very good agreement has been shown, establishing the viability of this kind of morphology-based numerical approach.
Abstract:The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the relative densities, porosities, compression strength and energy absorbed by porous copper (Cu) formed via the dissolution sintering technique using Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) solution as a binder with Sodium Chloride (NaCl) as space holder. Porous Cu was fabricated through powder metallurgy route using dissolution sintering technique by mixing Cu with NaCl in the volume ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 and adding PVA solution as binder. The mixture was poured into a press die of 1inch internal diameter and a pressure of 375MPa was applied by a 4 column hydraulic press to create the green form. The NaCl was leached out in hot water at 70°C and then sintered to a temperature of 850°C. Porosity values were determined from density measurements to give the porosity values of 42.2, 44.87, 45.71 and 57.79% for volume ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 respectively. Compression tests were also performed. The results of various plots were used in determining the energy absorbed per unit volume of value of 9.637 MJ/m 3 , 0.750 MJ/m 3 , 0.167 MJ/m 3 , 0.109 MJ/m 3 and the compressive strength of 40 MPa, 3.75, 0.72 MPa, 0.26 MPa for volume ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 respectively. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the morphology of the pure Cu, the NaCl and the resulting porous Cu.
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate mechanical properties of thin films of strontium carbonate (Sr2CO3) doped with hydroxyapatite (HA) on titanium substrates using nanoindentation techniques. The variation in the weight percentages of strontium carbonate of 0 wt %, 2.5 wt % and 100 wt % of Sr2CO3 in hydroxyapatite on a titanium substrate were used to investigate the effect of strontium carbonate on the surface modification for biological application. The hope is to use these results to improve the surface hardness of dentures and boost cavity prevention, and to improve menopause bone loss and help in its remodeling. The hardness and elastic moduli of different weight percents of variation in the compositions of strontium carbonate in Sr2CO3 - HA thin film layers deposited at 600 °C on titanium substrates using Pulse Laser Deposition (PLD) at high vacuum of 10−6 Torr were measured. The effect of varying Sr2CO3 in HA on the crystallinity, on the microstructure and on film thickness was determined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and stylus profilometer respectively. The Sr2CO3 - HA with the composition of 2.5 wt. % of Sr2CO3 has average film thicknesses of each composition of the film were also recorded and a hardness performance of 3.89 GPa, good peak broadening was also observed in the 2.5 wt % composition Sr2CO3 using XRD. The variations in the composition of strontium Carbonate in Hydroxyapatite in term of hardness and elastic moduli were reported.
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