Background: In many developing countries obesity and obesity-related morbidity are now becoming a problem of increasing importance. Obesity is associated with a number of disease conditions, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, gallstones, respiratory system problems and sleep apnoea. Objectives:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and obesity, as classified according to waist circumference (WC), and further to determine whether there was any association between abdominal obesity and hypertension amongst adults attending the Baptist Medical Centre, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Method:A cross-sectional descriptive study of 400 adults aged 18 years or older was conducted. Blood pressure and WC measurements were taken and participants completed a standardised questionnaire.Results: A group of 400 participants were randomly selected (221 women; 179 men), with a mean age of 48.7 ± 16.6 years. The overall prevalence of obesity as indicated by WC was 33.8% (men = 8.9%; women = 53.8%). Women were significantly more sedentary than men (50.8% for men vs 62.4% for women, p < 0.05). Most of the obese participants' families also preferred high-energy foods (85.2%, p > 0.05). Overall prevalence of hypertension amongst the study population was 50.5%, but without a significant difference between men and women (52.0% for men vs 49.3% for women, p > 0.05). The prevalence of hypertension amongst the obese subset, however, was 60.0%. Conclusion:Prevalence of abdominal obesity was found to be particularly significant amongst women in this setting and was associated with hypertension, physical inactivity and the consumption of high-energy diets.

BackgroundIn many developing countries obesity and obesity-related morbidity are now becoming a problem of increasing importance. Obesity is associated with a number of disease conditions, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, gallstones, respiratory system problems and sleep apnoea.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and obesity, as classified according to waist circumference (WC), and further to determine whether there was any association between abdominal obesity and hypertension amongst adults attending the Baptist Medical Centre, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.MethodA cross-sectional descriptive study of 400 adults aged 18 years or older was conducted. Blood pressure and WC measurements were taken and participants completed a standardised questionnaire.ResultsA group of 400 participants were randomly selected (221 women; 179 men), with a mean age of 48.7 ± 16.6 years. The overall prevalence of obesity as indicated by WC was 33.8% (men = 8.9%; women = 53.8%). Women were significantly more sedentary than men (50.8% for men vs 62.4% for women, p < 0.05). Most of the obese participants’ families also preferred high-energy foods (85.2%, p > 0.05). Overall prevalence of hypertension amongst the study population was 50.5%, but without a significant difference between men and women (52.0% for men vs 49.3% for women, p > 0.05). The prevalence of hypertension amongst the obese subset, however, was 60.0%.ConclusionPrevalence of abdominal obesity was found to be particularly significant amongst women in this setting and was associated with hypertension, physical inactivity and the consumption of high-energy diets.

Over-exploitation of conventional protein-rich plant resources such as soybean and groundnut for human and livestock consumption has necessitated a search for other suitable and under-utilized alternatives such as sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of processing on the proximate composition of sunflower seeds. The processing methods employed were boiling, roasting, solvent extraction and mechanical extraction. There was a substantial recovery of crude protein after processing from 27.02% (in the raw undehulled sunflower seed sample) to values ranging from 32.21% to 45.31% in the dehulled and differently processed samples. Crude lipid ranged from 6.45 to 21.60%, nitrogenfree extract from 11.32 to 19.52%, moisture content from 6.44to 10.29%, crude fibre from 14.19 to 26.35% and ash content from 4.61 to 5.46%. Values of the above proximate parameters were observed to be statistically different (p < 0.05) between the raw and differently processed sunflower seed samples. The results showed that the processing methods employed had improved the nutritional value of sunflower seed. Therefore, in view of its considerably high crude protein content, the study recommends sunflower seed meal as a viable alternative to expensive and over-utilized soybean meal and groundnut cake in feed formulation for fish and livestock.

The effects of boiled sunflower seed meal (BSSM) on the haematological parameters and serum biochemical indices of Clarias gariepinus juveniles were investigated for fifteen weeks. Boiled sunflower seed meal was substituted for soybean meal (SBM) at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% in formulating six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. The formulated dietary treatments comprised 0% BSSM: 100% SBM, 20% BSSM: 80% SBM, 40% BSSM: 60% SBM, 60% BSSM: 40% SBM, 80% BSSM: 20% SBM and100% BSSM: 0% SBM respectively. Diets were fed twice daily, 07.00 -08.00 and 17.00 -18.00 hours, at 5% body weight to 360 C. gariepinus juveniles in eighteen rectangular tanks at the rate of 20 juveniles per tank in triplicate treatments. Blood samples collected from fish were analysed for haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Fish fed 40% gm/100ml), RBC (5.65 x 10 /mL) and WBC (6.33 to 6.57 x10 /mL). Fish fed 40% BSSM had the highest total protein (3.60 ± 0.0 g/100 mL) and globulin (2.57 g/100 mL) while those fed 100% BSSM had reduced protein (2.3 ± 0.0 g/100 mL) and globulin (1.40 g/100 mL). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) varied between 27.67-46.67 mg/dl and 31.67-72.00 mg/dl respectively and were statistically different (p < 0.05). Blood glucose varied between 51.33 and 84.00 mg/dl and fish fed above 20% BSSM inclusion had significant increase in blood glucose level except those fed at 100% BSSM inclusion. This study indicated that boiled sunflower seed meal could replace soybean meal up to 20% BSSM inclusion level in the diet of Clarias gariepinus without any deleterious effect on its blood parameters. Keywords:Clarias gariepinus, sunflower seed meal, soybean meal, haematology, serum biochemistry ABSTRACT 51

Aim: To examine the pattern of antenatal care services (ANC) utilization in Baptist Medical Centre, Ogbomoso, a mission hospital with a focus on individual, family, religious and socio-economic factors affecting ANC utilisation. Study Design: The study was a cross-sectional prospective study. Place and duration of the study: The study was conducted among antenatal care seekers who attended antenatal care at the Baptist Medical Centre, Ogbomoso (now Bowen University Teaching Hospital) between August 1, 2002 and May 31, 2003. Methodology: The pretested questionnaire was used to obtain the following information: sociodemographic characteristics, family type, parity and booking gestational age in weeks. Analysis was done using SPSS 16. Proportions were determined and statistics presented in tables. Chi-square test was done to determine the association between variables. Results: A total of 442 pregnant women were recruited for the study. The age range of attendees was 13 – 48 years with a mean age of 29.2±5.3. Maternity service use was associated significantly with ANC attendance. Other factors associated with antenatal care attendance included: University educational status (p < .001), civil servant (p < .001) christianity (p = 0.006), residing in Ogbomoso (p < .001), class 1 social status (p < .001) and being told by doctor (p = 0.033). Conclusion: The study unveiled educational status, occupation, social status, place of domicile, religion and need for maternity service use as factors positively associated with ANC utilization in the Baptist Medical Centre Ogbomoso.

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Angiofibrolipoma is a neoplasm composed of fibrocytes, capillaries and matured adipose tissues. It is a rare histopathologic variant of lipoma, characterized by matured adipocytes, blood vessels and dense collagenous tissues. It is an extremely rare tumor with very few cases reported in the literature. We are reporting a 9-year-old boy who presented with a right calf swelling noticed since birth, slowly increasing in size which became painful about a year prior to presentation (at about the age of 8 years). The mass extended from the popliteal fossa to the junction of the gastro-soleus. Mid calf circumference on the right was 44 cm and 24 cm on the left. Clinically there was no foot drop. He had neither preceding trauma nor fall. He had no systemic symptom. Pre-operative plain radiographs, incisional biopsy and other ancillary investigations were done. Histopathology result after excisional biopsy revealed angiofibrolipoma and postoperative clinical improvement was significant. To our knowledge, such a case has not been previously reported in the literature.

Purpose Early closed reduction and locked intramedullary (IM) nailing has become the standard treatment for diaphyseal long bone fractures in high income countries. The low and middle income countries (LMICs) are still lagging behind in transiting from open surgical reduction and non-operative modalities to closed reduction due to lack of requisite equipment. However, some surgeons in LMICs are beginning to achieve closed reduction even without the equipment. Methods A prospective descriptive study was done on a total of 251 fresh diaphyseal fractures of the humerus, femur and tibia fixed with a locked nail over a 5½-year period. The fractures were grouped into those that had open reduction, closed reduction or reduction with a finger. Results Closed reduction was done for 135 (53.8%) fractures belonging to 123 patients. The mean and range of the patients' ages were 41.33 and 13-81 years, respectively. Males constituted 69.9% and mostly (48%) sustained fractures in motorcycle accident. There was a significant negative association between closed reduction and fracture-to-surgery interval (p < 0.001). Closed reduction also had positive associations with: (i) humerus and tibia fractures (p < 0.001), (ii) middle, distal and segmental fractures (p = 0.025), (iii) retrograde approach to femur fracture nailing (p < 0.001), and (iv) wedge or multifragmentary type femur fractures (p = 0.005). Conclusion With constant practice, it is possible to achieve closed reduction of many fresh diaphyseal long bone fractures in spite of the limitations imposed on surgeons in LMICs by poor health systems and grossly inadequate fracture care facilities.