Brief communications 259 false-positive sera were mixed (1: 1) with 2-Me, none of them gave a positive result in AGID (HSE). These results indicate that most of false-positive results in the AGID (HSE) are attributable to IgM, which because of its larger size and molecular weight as compared with IgG would take more time to develop precipitation lines than would true positive sera. Such reactions may be avoided by a 2-Me treatment that destroys the IgM pentamer. 7 The AGID (HSE) should be avoided as a sole test because many of the positive precipitation reactions cannot be confirmed by other procedures such as blood cultures. Also, serum of infected dogs can yield equivocal results, 6 especially during the early or the late stages of infection, indicating lack of test specificity.This report is the first documentation of B. canis antibodies detected in Spain by use of RSAT (M-) and AGID (CPAg). Sources and manufacturers Early degenerative changes associated with spontaneous glaucoma in dogsStephanie L. Smedes, Richard R. DubielzigGlaucoma is classified as primary or secondary, acute or chronic, and open angle or closed angle. In humans, the histopathologic changes associated with acute glaucoma have been well described. Abnormalities include dilation with subsequent stasis of conjunctival and episcleral vessels, stromal and epithelial edema, pseudouveitis, ischemic iris necrosis with or without accompanying dyscoria, subcapsular lenticular opacification, and vitreal degeneration with or without detachment. Additional changes include papilledema followed by cavernous optic atrophy within 4-7 days. Large cystic or cavernous spaces develop within the substance of the prelaminar optic nerve head. Superficial retinal hemorrhages, retinal vessel occlusions, and retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layer degeneration is seen. The outer neuronal layers remain unchanged.
Dogs given parenteral anticholinergic drugs have been thought to be at risk for development or exacerbation of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). In a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study, we evaluated the effect of intramuscular glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg) on pupil diameter and IOP in unanesthetized normal dogs. Treatment with glycopyrrolate did not change pupil diameter or IOP from baseline, nor were there differences between glycopyrrolate and saline-treated (control) dogs. In addition, the authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 2,828 dogs undergoing general anesthesia between April 1987 and September 1990 to determine if there was an association between parenteral anticholinergic medication and postanesthetic elevation in IOP. The authors also determined the frequency of bradycardia requiring anticholinergic therapy during anesthesia in dogs with glaucoma. Of the 2,828 cases reviewed, the records of 46 dogs coded for glaucoma were examined in detail. The 46 dogs underwent 62 episodes of anesthesia, with 23 episodes including exposure to an anticholinergic drug. An increase in IOP from preanesthetic to postanesthetic measurement occurred in three dogs. One of these dogs received anticholinergic medication for bradycardia during anesthesia. The postanesthetic elevation in IOP in this dog was probably not drug related. Preanesthetic anticholinergic administration did not affect the incidence of anticholinergic administration for bradycardia during the anesthetic episode. Anticholinergic therapy during anesthesia was more frequent when the preanesthetic medication included an opiate drug. These studies do not indicate an association between parenteral anticholinergic administration and elevations in IOP.
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