Mueller polarimetric imaging enables the detection and quantification of modifications of the collagen fibers in the uterine cervix due to the development of a precancerous lesion. This information is not accessible through the use of the classic colposcope, a low magnification microscope used in current practice for cervical cancer screening. However, the in vivo application of Mueller polarimetric imaging poses an instrumental challenge: the device should be sufficiently compact, while still being able to perform fast and accurate acquisition of Mueller matrices in real-world conditions. In this study, the first wide field Mueller Polarimetric Colposcope (MPC) for the in vivo analysis of uterine cervix is presented. The MPC has been fabricated by grafting a miniaturized Mueller polarimetric imager on a classic colposcope. This new imaging tool performs the fast acquisition of Mueller polarimetric images, thus eliminating any blurring effects due to patient movements. It can be easily used by a practitioner with little change to their existing practice. Finally, the MPC was tested in vivo on a number of patients in the field.

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Many studies about listening strategies are based on what learners report while listening to an oral message in the second language (Vandergrift, 2003;Graham, 2006). By recording a video of the computer screen while L2 learners (L1 French) were listening to an MP3-track in German, this study uses a novel approach and recent developments in computer technology to examine objectively what learners do while listening. The videos of the participants' screens show the movements of the mouse and its time-course, and therefore the pauses and the backward or forward movements learners do in order to master their listening task. In this study, ''selfregulation'' indicates the capacity of the listener to exercise physical control over the listening input by using the mouse. Our point is that the recorded physical movements of the mouse during the listening task are a good indicator of metacognitive activity. This is independent of what the learner reports. The data and the time-courses of the mouse were then analyzed, from both a psycholinguistic and a linguistic point of view. This enabled us, on the one hand, to define a typology of listening strategies depending on the initial level of the participants and to show that, on the whole, the opportunity to have personal control over information input/intake does improve all the learners' information processing. On the other hand, tracking the movements of the mouse while a learner individually listens to an oral text on a computer also has a methodological interest and equally allowed us to verify some precise research hypotheses about the links between linguistic features, for example, place of German compounds and final position of the verb in a subordinate clause, self-regulation strategies and comprehension.

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Abstract. This report describes how optical images acquired using linearly polarized light can specify the anisotropy of scattering (g) and the ratio of reduced scattering ½μ 0 s ¼ μ s ð1 − gÞ to absorption (μ a ), i.e., N 0 ¼ μ 0 s ∕μ a . A camera acquired copolarized (HH) and crosspolarized (HV) reflectance images of a tissue (skin), which yielded images based on the intensity (I ¼ HH þ HV) and difference (Q ¼ HH − HV) of reflectance images. Monte Carlo simulations generated an analysis grid (or lookup table), which mapped Q and I into a grid of g versus N 0 , i.e., gðQ; IÞ and N 0 ðQ; IÞ. The anisotropy g is interesting because it is sensitive to the submicrometer structure of biological tissues. Hence, polarized light imaging can monitor shifts in the submicrometer (50 to 1000 nm) structure of tissues. The Q values for forearm skin on two subjects (one Caucasian, one pigmented) were in the range of 0.046 AE 0.007 (24), which is the mean AE SD for 24 measurements on 8 skin sites × 3 visible wavelengths, 470, 524, and 625 nm, which indicated g values of 0.67 AE 0.07 (24).

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Les chercheurs francophones ne s’intéressent réellement à la politique étrangère canadienne (PEC) que depuis quelques décennies. Comment se sont-ils intégrés au champ de la PEC ? Quelles sont leur place et leur spécificité ? En quoi se différencient-ils des chercheurs anglophones ? Cet article offre une réponse à ces questions grâce à une analyse du Canadian Foreign Relations Index, qui recense plus de 50 000 travaux en PEC depuis 1945. Une telle analyse montre la progression de la contribution des francophones, leurs domaines de spécialisation, leur langue de travail, la nature de leur contribution, les lieux où ils publient, etc. Une comparaison avec les chercheurs anglophones permet d’étudier la division linguistique dans le champ de la PEC. Cet article présente la méthode et les résultats de cette analyse. Certains enjeux liés à l’usage de l’anglais par les francophones sont également discutés.