The Shi'bat Dihya 1 site in western Yemen, dated by optically stimulated luminescence to 55 ka, provides insight into the Middle Paleolithic peopling of the Arabian Peninsula. The archaeological layer is interstratified within thick, sandy silt floodplain deposits filling a piedmont basin. Luminescence dates, lack of soil development, and gypsum precipitation indicate a high accretion rate of the floodplain during Marine Isotope Stage 3, in connection with a (semi)‐arid environment. Rapid overbank sedimentation was likely a result of the remobilization of loess material deposited on the Yemeni Great Escarpment at the periphery of the adjacent Tihama coastal sand desert or of other sources. Fabric and size analyses of the lithic artifacts, together with spatial projections, indicate site modifications by floods. Primary modifications include (1) selective accumulation of medium‐sized lithic pieces as a result of hydraulic sorting, (2) bimodal orientation of artifacts, and (3) ripple‐like arrangement of lithics and bone/tooth fragments. The overrepresentation of teeth may also be a consequence of sorting. Although floods have distorted the original site patterning, long‐distance transport of artifacts by water can be excluded, as indicated by relatively high refitting rate, close proximity of artifacts derived from the same block of raw material, and lack of abrasion of the pieces. Therefore, the site is considered “geologically” in situ because its remobilization by water occurred shortly after human abandonment. This study also stresses that the effective preservation of a site cannot be assessed without careful taphonomic study, even in a potentially favorable depositional context such as silty alluvium.
Un programme d'archéologie expérimentale a été initié en milieu périglaciaire actuel. Le site sélectionné est localisé dans les Pyrénées centrales, sur le versant sud du Massif du Taillon, secteur de Gavarnie. Les expériences entreprises traitent des points suivants : (1) vitesse de déplacement des vestiges et évolution des structures anthropiques-amas de taille-par solifl uxion et par reptation sur talus gravitaire ; (2) fragmentation des ossements et altération des états de surface ; (3) vitesse d'acquisition d'une orientation préférentielle des vestiges lithiques déplacés par solifl uxion ou reptation. Après un an de fonctionnement, certains paramètres contrôlant la nature et la vitesse des modifi cations peuvent être identifi és. Pour les ossements, le caractère frais ou sec détermine les déplacements, tandis que le caractère brûlé / non brûlé apparaît prééminent par rapport à leur fragmentation. Dans le cas des vestiges lithiques déposés sur coulée de solifl uxion, les déplacements diff èrent selon la disposition initiale des objets-en amas ou dispersés-. Ces premiers résultats permettent de réexaminer la validité des précédentes expériences de taphonomie archéologique en contexte périglaciaire.
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