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The infertility rate appears to be lower after laparoscopic IPAA than after open surgery.

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This first randomized trial demonstrated that rectal cancer surgery without MBP was associated with higher risk of overall and infectious morbidity rates without any significant increase of anastomotic leakage rate. Thus, it suggests continuing to perform MBP before elective rectal resection for cancer.

In this single-center series, we found a complication rate of ES in about 7 %, comparable to that in multicenter series. Precut papillotomy and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction were the main independent risk factors for ES.

The choice of the right type of treatment for colonoscopic perforation seems to depend on the size of the lesion. Surgical treatment is appropriate when the perforation has occurred during diagnostic colonoscopy, since the lesion in this case is usually a large colonic laceration, whereas nonsurgical treatment seems to be justified after polypectomy, as long as there is rapid clinical improvement.

Rectovaginal septum endometriosis (RVSE) is a deep form of en− dometriosis in which the subperitoneal space is infiltrated by en− dometrial tissue to depths of up to 5 mm [1 ± 3]. The condition nearly always occurs in women of childbearing age, and the mean prevalence is 10 % (range 5 ±17 %) [4]. Some authors have suggested that endometriosis may occur more frequently at this particular site than the data available suggest [1, 3, 5, 6], but no consensus has been reached so far on this point.The standard treatment applied nowadays is surgery with com− plete excision of all the endometriosis encountered [1, 6 ± 16]. The rectovaginal lesions that are mainly responsible for the symptoms of this disease require specific forms of treatment. Gy− necologists should be informed before surgery about the extent to which the rectal septum is infiltrated by nodules. Surgery can be mandatory, but should not be the same if there is infiltration of the rectal wall.Background and Study Aims: Rectovaginal septal endometrios− is (RVSE) can pose serious therapeutic problems when there is infiltration of the rectal septum (which occurs in approximately half of the cases). The aim of this study was to assess the value of endoscopic ultrasonography in diagnosing rectal wall involve− ment by pelvic endometriosis. Patients and Methods: A prospective study was carried out from May 1998 to March 2003 at a single hospital center. The 30 pa− tients included in the study presented with suspected RVSE and underwent systematic anorectal endoscopic ultrasonographic exploration prior to the surgical intervention. The endoscopic ul− trasonography was carried out under general anesthesia with a 7.5−MHz miniprobe equipped with a distal balloon. Results: The anorectal endoscopic ultrasonographic examina− tion (EUS) showed the presence of endometriosis in the rectovag− inal septum in 26 patients (88 %), in the uterosacral ligaments in 10 patients (33 %), and in the ovaries in two patients (6 %). At EUS, the nodules were infiltrating the rectal wall in 17 patients (56 %). The surgical exploration demonstrated endometriosis in the rec−

The only identified predictive factor of BC, either a BS or a BL, was a thin bile duct. Although the noninvasive technique was the treatment of choice initially, reintervention was required in almost 25 % of the cases.