In hypertext research, log files represent a useful source of information about users’ navigational behavior. Since log files can contain enormous amounts of data, methods for data reduction with a minimum loss of information are needed. In this paper, LOGPAT (Log file Pattern Analysis) is presented, a Web-based tool for analyzing log files. With LOGPAT, single-unit, sequential, and graph-theoretic measures (including distance matrices) for the description of user navigation can be computed. The paper gives an overview of these methods and discusses their value for psychological research on hypertext. Components and analysis options of LOGPAT are described in detail. The program’s basic options are illustrated by data from a study on learning with hypertext.
41Personalization is managed by the humanIT Dynamic Personalization Server (DPS) [4], an open, standards-based, and platform-independent tool that provides essential user-modeling services to user-adaptive applications (see Figure 2). To produce the personalized list of top news, the publishing system queries the DPS Directory Component for a customer's (presumed) interests. It uses the DPS response to in turn query the content management system and news database for relevant news items that match the interest profile returned by the DPS.Whereas previous user-modeling systems stored data about users in database and knowledge representation systems [1, 2], DPS employs a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)-based directory management system [3]. This offers significant advantages with respect to the:• Management and retrieval of (userrelated) information, which is compliant with widely established standards allowing for easy integration. • Addition of new information types to the set of predefined types, which allows for flexibility as sites and personalization goals evolve. • Distribution of information across a network leading to better performance, scalability, availability, and reliability. T T he N24 Web site [6] belongs to a network of sites operated by Kirch Group that complement associated television stations inGermany. The relaunch of the N24 site focuses on tighter integration with the N24 cable news brand, targeting managers in need of accurate real-time information delivery in the areas of investing, business, politics, and sports. The goals of personalization [5] include creating a one-to-one relationship with existing customers; providing direct access to personally relevant news; seamlessly integrating with the existing infrastructure, including content and its classification; and collecting information about user interests for driving cross-channel customer relationship management (CRM) activities.From the perspective of a registered user, the N24 site offers a "My News" section on the N24 home page (see Figure 1) that provides a personalized selection of "Top Five" news headlines with direct links to the respective full-text versions of news items. This news selection is dynamically updated in real time as users interact with the N24 site.
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