Various surface roughness parameters are utilized to describe the surface in the tooth to ceramics abrasion and to assess the resulting wear. The use of threedimensional parameters may offer a better estimation for wear and an improved deduced clinical surface treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of various surface roughness parameters of zirconia and lithium disilicate ceramics on the wear of steatite antagonists. Material and methods: Forty zirconia specimens with a diameter of 7 mm and a thickness of 3 mm and 40 lithium disilicate specimens with the dimensions 10×10×4 mm were each divided into five subgroups. Two subgroups were treated with different clinically established diamond burs; a third subgroup was treated with a silicone polishing set. Two additional subgroups were produced by glazing the surfaces after treatment. Surface roughness parameters were determined by laser scanning microscopy. All specimens underwent 1.2 million loading cycles using steatite antagonists. After regular intervals of cycles, precision impressions were made to assess the wear. The correlation between wear and different roughness parameters was evaluated using the Spearman correlation test. Results: For the glazed zirconia, unglazed zirconia, and glazed lithium disilicate specimens no significant correlations (p > 0.05) between the investigated roughness parameters and antagonist wear could be found. In the unglazed lithium disilicate groups, significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlations with steatite substance loss could be found for several roughness parameters after 1.2 million cycles. Conclusions: For lithium disilicate, it seems not sufficient to use only one roughness parameter to indicate the wear behavior of the surface. There was no correlation between wear and the tested roughness parameters of zirconia surfaces. K E Y W O R D SZirconia, lithium disilicate, surface roughness parameter, wearIn the last decades all-ceramic single crowns (SCs) and all-ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) have gained widespread use, because of their high aesthetic and improved mechanical properties. 1 High-strength ceramics, combined with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milling methods allow all-ceramic multi-span restorations, even in posterior areas, and alsoThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.