The Parana River was sampled and analyzed for carbon and mineral concentrations at the ParanaSanta Fe (Argentina) cross-section (-600 km above the mouth) between March 198 1 and November 1984. Within this period, the Parani was affected by an extraordinary flood caused by the 1982 El Niiio/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climatic anomaly. Under such conditions, with a flow 75% higher than the long-term mean, the river exported a total organic C (TOC) load of 8.43 Tg yr-l(3.0 g m-2 yr-I) of which 89% was accounted for by dissolved organic C (DOC) and the remainder by particulate organic C (POC). Under normal hydrological conditions, however, the ParanP has a TOC load that is roughly half of that determined during the ENSO-triggered flood (4.43 Tg yr-I, 1.6 g m-2 yr-I), but with a very different DOC : POC ratio (63 : 37).In July-August 1985 the Parani was sampled along a reach of over 1,300 km. At the time of sampling, the Paraguay River supplied -68% of the POC load, 59% of the labile particulate load (LPOC), and 7 1% of the DOC entering the middle reach of the Parani. Carbohydrates in LPOC appear to become more abundant than amino acids in the lower reaches, probably due a significant input from the floodplain of the ParanL.Understanding the temporal and spatial changes of the chemistry and the biology of major river systems -the biogeochemical dynamics-is a significant step toward comprehension of the circulation of matter and energy in natural systems. Many papers published ' To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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