Lower hippocampal volume was not related to amyloid pathology in this sample of patients with late-life depression. These data counter the common belief that changes in hippocampal volume in late-life depression are due to prodromal Alzheimer's disease.
Besides the hereditary hyperkalaemic paralysis, a secondary form exists which often mimicks Guillain-Barre syndrome. A 62 year old patient is reported on who developed severe hyperkalaemic paralysis on the basis of mild renal failure and additive spironolactone intake. Neurophysiological examinations disclosed normal muscle fibre activity but delayed nerve conduction velocities indicating that the mechanism underlying secondary hyperkalaemic paralysis is diVerent from channelopathies. Haemodialysis led to complete recovery. Review of the medical literature showed that spironolactone intake is the most common cause of secondary hyperkalaemic paralysis. Typical symptoms are flaccid tetraplegia sparing the cranial nerves with only mild or lacking sensory impairment. Symptoms promptly resolve after haemodialysis or after glucose and insulin infusion. Only three out of 18 patients reviewed died, because of cardiopulmonary complications. Thus the prognosis of secondary hyperkalaemic paralysis is good. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:249-252)
A new torch design for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was developed. The torch was made of one quartz tube with a ball-shaped excitation zone. Under optimised working conditions of the 27.12 MHz Ar plasma with 1.1 kW RF power, the total argon gas flow could be reduced to only 0.6 L min À1 with external air cooling integrated in the fastening of the torch. Fundamental studies of selected element emissions, emission profiles, the effect of auxiliary plasma and sample carrier gas flow rates were carried out. The attainable excitation and rotational temperatures in the new torch were determined at different sample carrier gas flow rates. For 1.1 kW RF power and total gas flows between 50-800 mL min À1 they were found to be in the order of 6000-10 000 K for the excitation temperatures and 3700-4100 K for the rotational temperatures. The new torch was coupled with an ultrasonic nebuliser and detection limits between 0.03-2.9 mg L À1 could be determined for the elements Ba, Li, Mg, Ca, Cd, K and Al. The new torch delivered promising results that raise hopes of having a new generation of torches allowing low argon consumption.
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