A comparison of experimental observations and computer simulations shows that trends in the occurrence and severity of center cracks in direct-chill (DC) cast ingots due to different initial casting speed histories may best be explained by the changes in viscoplastic strain rate close to the center of the base of the ingot. The thermomechanical histories of five ingots were simulated and correlations between stresses, strains, strain rates, and liquid pressure drops due to feeding restrictions were considered.
The way in which large and small particles influence on recrystallised grain size and texture is considered with special emphasis on the processing of aluminium. It is well known that large particles might induce nucleation of recrystallised grains, while finely dispersed small particles will exert a pinning force on boundary movement. It the present paper, these two effects of particles will be discussed in detail. The discussion will to some extent be in an overview form, but also new ideas and recent experimental results will be presented. These include cases where strong effects are caused by small precipitated particles.KEY WORDS: Aluminium, recrystallisation, particle stimulated nucleation, particle pinning obtain a size 3rl, where rl is the particle size. Based on this, the growth criterion of Eq. (1) can be reformulated as follows:
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