Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) glasses with controlled amounts ofSiOC bonds and free carbon have been produced via the pyrolysis of suitable preceramic networks. Their chemical durability in alkaline and hydrofluoric solutions has been studied and related to the network structure and microstructure of the glasses. SiOC glasses, because of the character of the SiOC bonds, exhibit greater chemical durability in both environments, compared with silica glass. Microphase separation into silicon carbide (SiC), silica (SiO 2 ), and carbon, which usually occurs in this system at pyrolysis temperatures of >1000°-1200°C, exerts great influence on the durability of these glasses. The chemical durability decreases as the amount of phase separation increases, because the silica/silicate species (without any carbon substituents) are interconnected and can be easily leached out, in comparison with the SiOC phase, which is resistant to attack by OH ؊ or F ؊ ions.

No abstract

No abstract

In this letter, we report the formation of bulk samples of silica-based glass containing Si nanocrystals (Si-ncs) by pyrolysis of a preceramic precursor. The starting precursor is a sol–gel-derived polysiloxane containing only Si–H groups which leads, after annealing in a controlled atmosphere in the range 1000–1200 °C, to the precipitation of Si-ncs. Characterization of the nanostructure was performed by x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering analyses. Room-temperature luminescence experiments show the interesting optical properties of the Si-ncs/SiO2 material.

The oxidation kinetics of non‐oxides depend on the inward diffusion of oxygen from the environment through the passivating silica overgrowth, the outward diffusion of the effluent species, e.g., CO, produced by the oxidation reaction at the interface, and the chemical driving forces for diffusion. An analysis that combines these factors into a unified theory is presented. The analysis is applied to experiments on the oxidation of polymer‐derived amorphous silicon oxycarbide (SiCO) ceramics containing different amounts of carbon. The comparison between theory and experiment suggests that the activity of the so‐called “free carbon” in SiCO is likely to be less than unity, which explains why the oxidation of SiCO is passive in nature. Further, the analysis provides quantitative answers to the following questions: (a) How is the effective diffusivity for the parabolic rate constant related to the composition of the substrate, the inward diffusivity of oxygen, and the outward diffusivity of CO? (b) How does the rate constant depend on the activity of carbon in the substrate and on the activity of carbon in the environment? (c) How is the pressure of CO generated at the interface related to the carbon activity and the diffusion coefficients? The analysis points towards the need for systematic experiments in controlled O2/CO2 environments for a more complete understanding of the oxidation kinetics of carbon‐based ceramics.

No abstract

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are an emerging technology in hydrogen-based energy production, thanks to their high performance, high power density, high efficiency, and reduced emissions over conventional power generation technologies. For these reasons, a great attention has been addressed in these years to SOFCs materials and technologies. An important issue related to the utilization of SOFCs as power generators is the capability of SOFCs materials to resist to thermal cycles in different atmospheres. The present work proposes an experimental investigation on the reduction process of NiO∕YSZ anode into Ni∕YSZ cermet, which is the best candidate for anode material in SOFCs, its reoxidation into NiO∕YSZ and the following rereduction into Ni∕YSZ. Anodes with different NiO∕YSZ ratios were analyzed through different physical and chemical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and porosity measurements. The reduction, reoxidation and rereduction behaviors were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in a unique long experiment, at different temperatures in the range of 700–800°C. The kinetics of the processes was studied and thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy were also calculated and correlated to the compositions and microstructure of the materials. The study clears up the effect of anode composition and microstructure on the reduction, reoxidation, and rereduction processes.

SOFCpower-HTceramix' mission is to offer new energy solutions in the deregulated electricity market, based upon its highly efficient Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology. SOFCpower develops SOFC stacks and thermally integrated stacks (HoTbox{trade mark, serif}) for OEM companies commercializing new power generators and co-generation systems. Since 2008, SOFCpower has implemented a cost-effective pilot production line for cells, stacks and HoTbox{trade mark, serif} power modules for residential co-generation with a capacity of 2 MW/y in Trento (IT). Furthermore, investments on testing facilities and infrastructures have been made in the same site in order to ensure quality of production and to certify stack durability. As a consequence, it was possible to speed-up cell and stack development and to progress in stack robustness and reproducibility of its performance, achieving electrical efficiency above 50% at stack level without internal reforming. The paper gives an up-date on the status of the manufacturing line and the test bench installation. Performance and stability data for SOFCpower stacks produced within the pilot manufacturing plant are presented, as well an up-date on progresses made on the development of large stacks (> 1 kW).