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The traditional empirical approaches to the analysis of economic growth,cross-section and panel data regressions are substantially uninformative withrespect to the issue of convergence. Whether national or regional economies appear to converge in terms of per capita income or productivity levels (the so-called &bgr;-convergence) critically depends on the way in which the empirical model is specified. Traditional specifications witness a disproportionate presence of proxies for forces leading towards divergence among the conditioning variables. It is therefore hardly surprising that these analyses find a positive and statistically significant value for the estimate of the speed of convergence. Copyright 2000 Gatton College of Business and Economics, University of Kentucky.

Original citation:Cheshire, Paul and Magrini, Stefano (2008) Urban growth drivers in a Europe of sticky people and implicit boundaries.

The convergence hypothesis has stimulated a heated debate within the growth literature. The present paper compares the two most commonly adopted empirical approaches, the regression approach and the distribution dynamics approach, and argues that the former fails to uncover important features of the dynamics that might characterise the convergence process. Next, it provides an in depth description of the features and underlying assumptions of the distribution dynamics approach as well as a detailed discussion of some important aspects related to the estimate of stochastic kernels via kernel density estimators. Finally, the empirical section allows to emphasises the interpretational advantages stemming from the use of stochastic kernels to capture the evolution of the entire crosssectional income distribution. Incidentally, through a comparison between the results obtained from alternative sets of Italian regions, it suggest that the use of administrative regions could lead to ambiguous results.

MAGRINI S., GEROLIMETTO M. and ENGIN DURAN H. Regional convergence and aggregate business cycle in the United States, Regional Studies. The existing literature on convergence largely ignores the effect of aggregate fluctuations on the evolution of income disparities. However, if regional disparities follow a distinct cyclical pattern in the short run, the period of analysis should be chosen with great care to avoid distortions in the results. By analysing convergence among forty-eight conterminous US states through the distribution dynamics approach, it is shown that these distortions could be quite sizeable. Moreover, when convergence is analysed over an appropriate period that includes only complete cycles (1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007), results show that regional disparities exhibit a pro-cyclical behaviour and that the underlying long-run tendency is towards divergence. ConvergenceRegional Dans une large mesure, la documentation actuelle sur la convergence ne tient pas compte de l'effet des fluctuations globales sur le développement des inégalités de revenu. Cependant, si les inégalités régionales présentent des tendances cycliques très nettes à court terme, il faut déterminer la période à étudier avec prudence afin d'éviter des résultats erronés. En analysant la convergence à partir de quarante-huit états contigus aux États-Unis par moyen de la façon dynamiques de distribution, on montre que ces résultats erronés pourraient s'avérer assez importants. En outre, quand on analyse la convergence sur une période appropriée qui ne comprend que des cycles économiques complets (entre 1987 et 2007), les résultats laissent voir que les inégalités régionales présentent un comportement procyclique et que la tendance sous-jacente à long terme est à la divergence. KonvergenzRegionale Disparitäten Geschäftszyklus Distributionsdynamik MAGRINI S., GEROLIMETTO M. y ENGIN DURAN H. Convergencia regional y el ciclo comercial agregado en los Estados Unidos, Regional Studies. En la actual bibliografía sobre la convergencia se ignora en gran medida el efecto de las fluctuaciones agregadas en lo que respecta a la evolución de las desigualdades de ingresos. Sin embargo, si las desigualdades regionales siguen a corto plazo un Regional Studies, 2015 Vol. 49, No. 2, 251-272, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013 © 2013 Regional Studies Association http://www.regionalstudies.org patrón cíclico destacado, habría que elegir el periodo de análisis con sumo cuidado para evitar distorsiones en los resultados. Al examinar la convergencia entre cuarenta y ocho Estados limítrofes de los Estados Unidos mediante un enfoque sobre las dinámicas de distribución, demostramos que estas desigualdades podrían ser bastante considerables. Además, si analizamos la convergencia de un periodo apropiado incluyendo solamente ciclos completos (1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007), los resultados in...

The actual effectiveness of employment promotion policies depends on the ability of the intervention at creating new jobs in the targeted sector, but also, to a large extent, on the impact they have on other parts of the local economy. Estimating the latter effect is therefore quite important for regional economic development policies. Along the lines of Moretti (2010), we present an empirical analysis of local employment multipliers using data on 123 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas over the period 1980-2010. From the methodological point of view, in this work not only endogeneity (via instrumental variables estimates), but also spatial spillovers are taken into account. According to the results, the magnitude of the multiplier could be rather limited. On the other hand, there is clear indication that the impact of these interventions is not fully contained within the local economy and they have a positive effect on closely surrounding ones. This is the accepted version of the article published in the Letters in Spatial and Resource Economics (2015). The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx