Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the coronavirus that causes an infectious disease, called COVID-19, first detected in patients with pneumonia in Wuhan (People's Republic of China) on December 2019. Italy was the first European country to state the outbreak of the infection and its Council of Ministers declared the state of health emergency on 31.01.2020, then the World Health Organization ruled a global pandemic on 11.03.2020. The nasopharyngeal swab is based on the detection of virus RNA and is the only reliable one for declaring COVID-19 infection. The most common symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients before hospitalization may be fever, chills, cough, dyspnea, asthenia, myalgia and/or arthralgia. This symptomatology can be often complicated in a dramatically increasing manner such as to require hospitalization starting from the third-fourth week. COVID-19 outbreak has dramatically affected the quality of life by changing inter-personal relationships, community life and obviously sexual health. The purpose of this work, based on available evidence, is to provide recommendations to help the population to face their sexual life in this critical period.

Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin appears to be the most effective conservative treatment for patients with stage T1 grade 3 bladder cancer.

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Most patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share many risk factors and similar aetiological agents with erectile dysfunction (ED). Both conditions also cause serious interference with quality of life and sexual relationships. In general, ageing and chronic illness decrease sexual interest, sexual function, and testosterone levels. This observational study included 66 male patients referred to our centre with different grades of COPD. We studied the different correlations between COPD and ED. The data collected from each patient regarded the following features: demographic and social condition; smoking status; clinical status; spirometric measurements. In this group, COPD was diagnosed in 78.8% and ED was present in 83.3% with increased severity in presence of LUTS and nicotinism.KEY WORDS: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Erectile dysfunction; Endothelial dysfunction, Chronic inflammation. SummaryNo conflict of interest declared.ED shares several risk factors (4-5) with hypertension (two-fold risk), chronic cardiovascular disease (four-fold risk) (6), diabetes (three-fold risk) (7) and the resulting predisposing factors such as hypercholesterolemia (8), obesity as well as a sedentary lifestyle with contextual nicotinism, irrespective of the abuse entity, further increase the weight of the cause/effect relationship. In a consistently stable fashion, wider epidemiological studies reveal how men between 50 and 59 years are the most frequently represented category, while below 40 years of age, the prevalence of the disorder is between 1% and 10%, with an increase between 2 and 9% in the following decade, with a maximum of 15%, then up to 50-100%, from 70 years onwards. The association with various chronic conditions confirms an overall average increase of prevalence, which in the relationship between ED and diabetes, for example, is between 25 and 33%, with peaks up to 77% (9-10-11). Other predominantly chronic conditions may be associated with erectile disorder both in terms of cause and maintenance: renal or hepatic impairment; endocrinopathies such as hypogonadism, hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia; various neurological diseases such as postischemic outcomes, multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease and psychiatric disorders with particular regard to anxious and depressive syndromes (12-13). More recently, increasing importance has been attributed to the common association with obesity and metabolic syndrome (14), although it is not yet clear whether these two conditions are to be understood as a separate entity or an additional risk to diabetes or cardiovascular diseases and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) (15), which in the results of the Cologne Male Survey correlate with ED at a rate of 72% (16). COPD and ED are two conditions that apparently have little in common. Certainly it is virtually impossible to compare their consequences on overall health and longterm prognosis (quod vitam), the therapeutic commitment in drug, instrument, rehabilitation and -consequently -...