We consider the Cauchy problem for a strictly hyperbolic, n × n system in one-space dimension: u t + A(u)u x = 0, assuming that the initial data have small total variation.We show that the solutions of the viscous approximations u t + A(u)u x = εu xx are defined globally in time and satisfy uniform BV estimates, independent of ε. Moreover, they depend continuously on the initial data in the L 1 distance, with a Lipschitz constant independent of t, ε. Letting ε → 0, these viscous solutions converge to a unique limit, depending Lipschitz continuously on the initial data. In the conservative case where A = Df is the Jacobian of some flux function f : R n → R n , the vanishing viscosity limits are precisely the unique entropy weak solutions to the system of conservation laws u t + f (u) x = 0.

We study the asymptotic time behavior of global smooth solutions to general entropy, dissipative, hyperbolic systems of balance laws in m space dimensions, under the Shizuta-Kawashima condition. We show that these solutions approach a constant equilibrium state in the L p -norm at a rate O(t −(m/2)(1−1/ p) ) as t → ∞ for p ∈ [min{m, 2}, ∞]. Moreover, we can show that we can approximate, with a faster order of convergence, the conservative part of the solution in terms of the linearized hyperbolic operator for m ≥ 2, and by a parabolic equation, in the spirit of Chapman-Enskog expansion in every space dimension. The main tool is given by a detailed analysis of the Green function for the linearized problem.

We address the Monge problem in metric spaces with a geodesic distance: (X, d) is a Polish space and d L is a geodesic Borel distance which makes (X, d L ) a non branching geodesic space. We show that under the assumption that geodesics are d-continuous and locally compact, we can reduce the transport problem to 1-dimensional transport problems along geodesics.We introduce two assumptions on the transport problem π which imply that the conditional probabilities of the first marginal on each geodesic are continuous or absolutely continuous w.r.t. the 1dimensional Hausdorff distance induced by d L . It is known that this regularity is sufficient for the construction of a transport map.We study also the dynamics of transport along the geodesic, the stability of our conditions and show that in this setting d L -cyclical monotonicity is not sufficient for optimality.

Abstract. We characterize the autonomous, divergence-free vector fields b on the plane such that the Cauchy problem for the continuity equation ∂tu + div (bu) = 0 admits a unique bounded solution (in the weak sense) for every bounded initial datum; the characterization is given in terms of a property of Sard type for the potential f associated to b. As a corollary we obtain uniqueness under the assumption that the curl of b is a measure. This result can be extended to certain non-autonomous vector fields b with bounded divergence.

Candida lipolytica was recovered from the blood and the central venous catheter in a patient receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Two C. lipolytica strains from different geographical areas and the ATCC 9773 strain of C. lipolytica were used as controls. C. lipolytica was identified by standard methods. MICs indicated antifungal susceptibilities to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole for all strains. In vitro testing and scanning electron microscopy showed that C. lipolytica was capable of producing large amounts of viscid slime material in glucose-containing solution, likely responsible for the ability of the yeast to adhere to catheter surfaces. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms revealed an identical profile for all clinical isolates, unrelated to those observed for the control strains. This finding suggested the absence of microevolutionary changes in the population of the infecting strain, despite the length of the sepsis and the potential selective pressure of amphotericin B, which had been administered to the patient for about 20 days. The genomic differences that emerged between the isolates and the control strains were indicative of a certain degree of genetic diversity between C. lipolytica isolates from different geographical areas.Invasive fungal infections have emerged as a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies, especially in patients who are severely immunocompromised, such as those who undergo bone marrow transplantation (BMT) (6, 15). The risk for these infections is quite high during the first 100 days posttransplant. This period corresponds to profound neutropenia of the preengraftment stage and early immune reconstitution postengraftment. Moreover, fungal infections are frequently seen in patients with graft failure or significant delays in immune reconstitution, such as in recipients with severe graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) (5). Candida and Aspergillus species are the most frequently isolated fungal agents from BMT patients. For many years Candida albicans was the principal yeast-like fungus isolated from these infections. More recently, however, other species such as Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida guillermondii, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, and Candida inconspicua have emerged as pathogens in BMT patients. These yeasts are often associated with resistance to antifungal azoles and with higher mortality (5,7,25,27).Candida lipolytica has not been a frequent agent of opportunistic infections (9, 24). It is ubiquitous, having been isolated from refrigerated meat products, petroleum products, agricultural processing plants, and soil (10). C. lipolytica has also been isolated from the mouth, pulmonary tree, and intestines (26).Documented infections caused by C. lipolytica have been described for two patients (alcohol abusers) with candidemia, for three patients with traumatic ocular infection, for one patient with chronic sinusitis, and for one BMT patient with disseminated infection (18,19,26...