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Early mobilization appears to favour the clinical and functional recovery of patients with severe acquired brain injury in the intensive care unit.

Occurrence of heterotopic ossifications is frequent in patients with severe traumatic and non-traumatic brain-injury in rehabilitation centres. Our study confirms male gender, young age, paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, spasticity, longer duration of coma and ventilation and longer interval between brain injury onset and admission to rehabilitation centre as possible risk factors. Further studies are necessary to investigate the role of early appropriate rehabilitation pathways to reduce occurrence of heterotopic ossifications.

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The physician and patient come into close contact during botulinum toxin treatments, increasing the chances of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, it is essential to use an effective injection method that can prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus. In order to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during botulinum toxin treatment in the COVID-19 era, the Italian Botulinum Toxin Network study group of the Italian Society of Neurology has prepared a video of best practice recommendations on how to organize the work of a clinic performing botulinum toxin treatments. Keywords Safe botulinum toxin injection • COVID-19 pandemic • SARS-CoV-2 infection • Italian Botulinum Toxin Network recommendationsThe following text summarizes information provided in the video:

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The Authors present the case histories and results of perineal rehabilitation in a selected group of 32 women with genuine stress incontinence. Patient selection criteria, the method of treatment and results are discussed. Benefits resulting from this therapy are underlined, while characteristics of the failures are analysed. The latter seem tied to lack of psychological motivation and persistence in time of incontinence.