Background The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) has long been the main basis for comparability of statistics on causes of mortality and morbidity between places and over time. This paper provides an overview of the recently completed 11th revision of the ICD, focusing on the main innovations and their implications. Main text Changes in content reflect knowledge and perspectives on diseases and their causes that have emerged since ICD-10 was developed about 30 years ago. Changes in design and structure reflect the arrival of the networked digital era, for which ICD-11 has been prepared. ICD-11’s information framework comprises a semantic knowledge base (the Foundation), a biomedical ontology linked to the Foundation and classifications derived from the Foundation. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (ICD-11-MMS) is the primary derived classification and the main successor to ICD-10. Innovations enabled by the new architecture include an online coding tool (replacing the index and providing additional functions), an application program interface to enable remote access to ICD-11 content and services, enhanced capability to capture and combine clinically relevant characteristics of cases and integrated support for multiple languages. Conclusions ICD-11 was adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2019. Transition to implementation is in progress. ICD-11 can be accessed at icd.who.int.

A Web site is described that facilitates use of the free computational chemistry software: General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System (GAMESS). Its goal is to provide an opportunity for undergraduate students to perform computational chemistry experiments without the need to purchase expensive software.

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Background The new International Classification of Diseases—11th revision (ICD-11) succeeds ICD-10. In the three decades since ICD-10 was released, demands for detailed information on the clinical history of a morbid patient have increased. Methods ICD-11 has now implemented an addendum chapter X called “Extension Codes”. This chapter contains numerous codes containing information on concepts including disease stage, severity, histopathology, medicaments, and anatomical details. When linked to a stem code representing a clinical state, the extension codes add significant detail and allow for multidimensional coding. Results This paper discusses the purposes and uses of extension codes and presents three examples of how extension codes can be used in coding clinical detail. Conclusion ICD-11 with its extension codes implemented has the potential to improve precision and evidence based health care worldwide.

ZusammenfassungDigitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) sind eines der Räder im Getriebe des digitalen Gesundheitswesens. Wie alle anderen kommunizierenden Anwendungen müssen DiGA interoperabel sein, damit das ganze System reibungslos funktioniert. Dabei muss Interoperabilität auf 4 verschiedenen Ebenen gegeben sein, dies sind: funktionale und fachinhaltliche Anforderungen; strukturelle und semantische Anforderungen; Anforderungen an Sicherheit und Transport und organisatorische Anforderungen.In Deutschland wurde in den letzten Jahren ein großer Sprung in ein digitales Gesundheitswesen initiiert, verstärkt durch die Erfahrungen aus der COVID-19-Pandemie. Aktuelle Gesetzgebungen zielen auf eine Festlegung von Standards und einheitlichen Abläufen und etablieren damit den benötigten verbindlichen Rahmen für ein Gesamtkonzept in der Digitalisierung. Interoperable DiGA können mit den anderen Systemen im Gesundheitswesen kommunizieren, wenn es die PatientInnen wünschen. Möglich sind z. B. der Anschluss an die elektronische Patientenakte (ePA) und eine damit einhergehende Datenspende für Forschungszwecke. So können PatientInnen nicht nur direkt von dem positiven Versorgungseffekt einer DiGA profitieren, sondern auch indirekt durch die Datenspende zur Forschung und damit zur Verbesserung des Gesundheitswesens beitragen.