Computational reproducibility is a corner stone for sound and credible research. Especially in complex statistical analyses—such as the analysis of longitudinal data—reproducing results is far from simple, especially if no source code is available. In this work we aimed to reproduce analyses of longitudinal data of 11 articles published in PLOS ONE. Inclusion criteria were the availability of data and author consent. We investigated the types of methods and software used and whether we were able to reproduce the data analysis using open source software. Most articles provided overview tables and simple visualisations. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEEs) were the most popular statistical models among the selected articles. Only one article used open source software and only one published part of the analysis code. Replication was difficult in most cases and required reverse engineering of results or contacting the authors. For three articles we were not able to reproduce the results, for another two only parts of them. For all but two articles we had to contact the authors to be able to reproduce the results. Our main learning is that reproducing papers is difficult if no code is supplied and leads to a high burden for those conducting the reproductions. Open data policies in journals are good, but to truly boost reproducibility we suggest adding open code policies.
Figure 1: The visual representation of SMARTEXPLORE is a so-called SMARTABLE. Descriptors such as mean, variance, or deviation are computed, normalized per dimension or subspace, and mapped to a bi-polar or linear colormap. Manual and (semi-)automatic algorithms are executed through the visualization and support analysts in identifying and understanding clusters, correlations, outliers, and application-specific patterns in subspaces of the data. To increase trust in the patterns, statistical measures are computed on-thefly and visualized along with missing values as visual overlays. Details on demand and a stacked SMARTABLE support detail analysis.
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