Industrial wastewater treatment and reuse is one of the principal tasks of present. For this purpose several physical, chemical and combined methods have been used. This paper deals with the study of sorption behaviour of natural zeolite with respect to Zn (II) and Cu (II) followed by cross-flow membrane microfiltration. The experiments realised were aimed at verification of effectiveness of ion exchange of selected metals from wastewater using zeolite – with main component clinoptilolite. The experimental data obtained were fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The sorption capacity was studied for zinc and copper uptake, followed by a study of microfiltration of zeolite suspension using a cross-flow microfiltration device with tubular ceramic membrane. According to experimental results the basic parameters of microfiltration process were evaluated. In comparison with other processes, the hybrid membrane microfiltration offers more effective way of water treatment.
The impact of two-phase flow onto the flux of the permeate in microfiltration of two sorbents-Bentonite and Lewatit S1468-with and without adsorbed zinc, was examined. Two different types of membrane, single-and multi-channel, based on α-Al 2 O 3 , were used. In single-channel membrane application of aeration increased the permeate flux by 13 and 29% without adsorbed zinc and by 22 and 25% with adsorbed zinc for Bentonite suspension and by 4 and 5.5% both with and without adsorbed zinc for Lewatit S1468 compared to single-phase (without aeration) flow at 1.4 and 2.2 m s −1 of the gaseous phase rate, respectively. In multi-channel membrane the permeate flux increased not significantly without adsorbed zinc and by 22 and 25% with adsorbed zinc for Bentonite and by 12 and 13% without adsorbed zinc and not significantly with adsorbed zinc for Lewatit S1468 at 0.4 and 1.1 m s −1 of the gaseous phase rate, respectively.
CC-BY 4.0 License requiring that the original work has been properly cited.Soil and water pollution by heavy metals is currently a very important problem in environmental and other sectors. The origin of metals in water may be of either natural character (erosion of rocks and sediments, leaching of mineral resources) or anthropogenic character (mining and extraction of metals, industry, agriculture, etc.) (Martins et al. 2010). Many heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, etc., are the most polluting factors in industrial wastewater and may get into the ground water. Subsequently they are bio-accumulated in living organisms and cause various diseases and disorders (Jamil et al. 2010). These problems need to be responded by developing new and more efficient methods for wastewater treatment (Martins et al. 2010). In practice several methods are used for removal of heavy metals from water. One of the promising methods for the removal of metal ions from water is a hybrid membrane processes. This method includes two processes -adsorption of metal ions on the natural zeolite and microfiltration of zeolite suspension through ceramic membrane. Experiments were carried out using model solutions In the experiments zeolite from Nižný Hrabovec localization (Zeocem JSC Bystré), Slovakia was used. Zeolite is mainly composed of mineral clinoptilolite (84%), other mineral are cristobalite (8%), clay (4%) and plagioclase (3-4%). Its structure is formed by three-dimensional network. Clinoptilolite is composed from silicate tetra- were prepared from each of the chemicals. The solutions were shaken with 1 g of zeolite in 100 ml PET flasks on a shaker for 2.5 hours at 25°C and 220 rpm. The amounts of metals (Cu or Zn) in solutions were measured after stabilization, filtration and required dilution by AAS. The equilibrium between the concentration in solution and the adsorbed substance was evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson models. According to the results of the adsorption experiments zeolite adsorbed of both the nitrates ions (Cu , respectively) less. Due to better adsorption capacities of zeolite for ions derived from nitrates, further experiments were made from chemicals Cu(NO 3 ) 2 •3H 2 O and Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •6H 2 O.
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