Cardiopulmonary bypass caused a reduction in bronchial arterial blood flow, which was associated with injury of the lung. Controlled pulmonary perfusion reduced injury to the lung during bypass. The inflammatory response, as evidenced by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, may be caused by ischemia.
(1) Bronchial artery blood flow can quantitatively be assessed during CPB when microspheres are injected into the ascending aorta and the reference samples are taken from the descending aorta. (2) Despite adequate perfusion pressure bronchial artery blood flow is decreased substantially during CPB. (3) The decrease in blood flow and the ultrastructural changes present at the end of CPB suggest the presence of low-flow ischemia of the lung during total CPB.
This survey provides an insight into the practice pattern of urologists in Switzerland concerning prostate biopsy. For almost all urologists, a positive DRE is an indication for prostate biopsy. The majority use a serum PSA level of 4 ng/ml as a cut-off value. A fluoroquinolone is the antibiotic of choice. Periprostatic nerve block is the commonest form of anaesthesia. Most urologists take 8-10 cores per biopsy.
Ectopic ureteroceles are one of the most common human urinary tract anomalies. They tend to be recognized and treated in early childhood, especially when they have prolapsed. In most cases surgical therapy is inevitable. In this case report, however, we present the unusual case of a 26-year-old woman suffering from a prolapsed cecoureterocele without any known history of an ectopic ureterocele so far. She was successfully treated without the need for a surgical procedure.
Endocervicosis of the bladder is a rare, benign variant of endometriosis. The lesions are characterized by ectopic, glandular structures of Müllerian origin with intracytoplasmic mucin production. During placement of a ureteral stent, a cystic tumor in the posterior bladder wall was discovered in a 47-year-old woman with nephroureterolithiasis. CT and MRI revealed a 5 x 1.6 cm(2) mass in the posterior bladder wall protruding into the lumen of the bladder. Urine culture and cytological analyses showed no malignancy. Transurethral biopsy of the tumor confirmed the diagnosis of endocervicosis. Complete transurethral resection was rejected due to the absence of symptoms and the benign condition of the lesion.
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