These results suggest that a protective effect of estradiol on the progression of chronic rejection exists that is independent of donor gender. Additionally, a male kidney may benefit from the absence of testosterone, whereas the function of a female kidney deteriorates in the absence of estradiol.
Videoendoscopic thyroidectomy by the dorsal approach is feasible in both human cadavers and patients. It leaves no visible scars. Nodal points are helpful for executing a new operation. The surgical quality score is a complex and objective measure of ability to deal with the procedure. Further clinical studies are required for evaluation of this new procedure.
Hemithyroidectomy by the dorsal approach is feasible. It is a single surgeon, single port, gasless unilateral endoscopic technique with the option to go bilateral.
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