Silicon nanowires of various diameters
were irradiated with 100 keV and 300 keV Ar+ ions on a
rotatable and heatable stage. Irradiation at elevated temperatures
above 300 °C retains the geometry of the nanostructure and sputtering
can be gauged accurately. The diameter dependence of the sputtering
shows a maximum if the ion range matches the nanowire diameter, which
is in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations based on binary
collisions. Nanowires irradiated at room temperature, however, amorphize
and deform plastically. So far, plastic deformation has not been observed
in bulk silicon at such low ion energies. The magnitude and direction
of the deformation is independent of the ion-beam direction and cannot
be explained with mass-transport in a binary collision cascade but
only by collective movement of atoms in the collision cascade with
the given boundary conditions of a high surface to volume ratio.
We simulated and experimentally investigated the sputter yield of ZnO and GaAs nanowires, which were implanted with energetic Mn ions at room temperature. The resulting thinning of the nanowires and the dopant concentration with increasing Mn ion fluency were measured by accurate scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nano-X-Ray Fluorescence (nanoXRF) quantification, respectively. We observed a clear enhanced sputter yield for the irradiated nanowires compared to bulk, which is also corroborated by iradina simulations. These show a maximum if the ion range matches the nanowire diameter. As a consequence of the erosion thinning of the nanowire, the incorporation of the Mn dopants is also enhanced and increases non-linearly with increasing ion fluency.
Objectives The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its relation to specific RA characteristics. Material and methods Within the oral examination, the need for dental (carious teeth showing cavitation) and periodontal treatment (presence of a probing depth ≥ 3.5 mm) and the number of missing teeth (M-T) were recorded. OHRQoL was assessed with the German short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP G14). The disease activity score (DAS28-ESR), disease duration, number of swollen/painful joints and duration of morning stiffness were retrieved from the patient records. Results A total of 176 patients with a mean age of 62.5 ± 10.2 years were included. The overall OHIP G14 sum score was 5.4 ± 7.1. The M-T showed a significant correlation with the dimensions of oral function (r = 0.25, p = 0.001) and psychosocial impact (r = 0.20, p = 0.009) and the sum score (r = 0.26, p = 0.001). The DAS28-ESR showed a significant correlation with psychosocial impact (r = 0.19, p = 0.012) and the sum score (r = 0.16, p = 0.041). The duration of morning stiffness was correlated with oral function (r = 0.19, p = 0.019), psychosocial impact (r = 0.18, p = 0.024) and the sum score (r = 0.22, p = 0.006). The effect size of these correlations was interpreted as small. Conclusion Disease activity, morning stiffness and missing teeth are associated to OHRQoL of patients with RA. Accordingly, multidisciplinary dental care appears necessary for these patients. Clinical relevance The prevention of tooth loss as well as the consideration of psychosocial and disease-specific parameters in the multidisciplinary dental care of RA patients is necessary.
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