Gomez and Wald (2010) found that Ontario salary disclosure did not restrain top university salaries. We provide evidence that supports and extends this conclusion by finding that since 1996, with the exception of school boards, Ontario public sector top salaries have increased at about the same rate as top-end salaries for the province as a whole. The time path in top public sector salaries is much smoother, suggesting short-run insulation from private sector markets. We consider alternative theories of the surge in top-end incomes, noting that the rise in Ontario top public salaries had no direct link with international trade and occurred without declining unionization. One possibility is that reduced top marginal tax rates improved the bargaining position of high-salaried employees by enhancing the gains of outside offers.Sommaire : Gomez et Wald (2010) ont trouvé que la divulgation des salaires en Ontario n'a pas limité les plus hauts salaires des universitaires. Les auteurs fournissent des preuves qui appuient et renforcent cette conclusion en découvrant que depuis 1996, à l'exception des conseils scolaires, les plus hauts salaires du secteur public de l'Ontario ont augmenté pratiquement au même taux que les hauts salaires de la province dans son ensemble. Le parcours temporel des hauts salaires du secteur public est beaucoup plus graduel, laissant entendre un isolement à court terme des marchés du secteur privé. Les auteurs étudient des théories alternatives sur la poussée des revenus les plus élevés, notant que l'augmentation des plus hauts salaires des fonctionnaires de l'Ontario n'avait ni de lien direct avec le commerce international, ni avec une baisse de la syndicalisation; cependant, une réduction des taux d'imposition marginaux les plus élevés aurait pu améliorer la position de négociation des employés à salaire élevé en améliorant les gains des offres de l'extérieur.The main contributions of the first three authors were made while they were students and
Measuring a value by definition seems to be the best solution for getting the most precise results. In this paper, it is shown that by changing the general definition of root mean square (RMS) and average value of a periodic signal, their measurement can be improved. When measuring RMS with asynchronous sampling, it was observed that results were scattered around two values, and it was found that the main cause for this was initial sampling time. Redefining the RMS value has been proposed in order to increase the efficiency of the asynchronous method. After comparing the results based on general and proposed definition for RMS value, it was observed that there was significantly less scattering of results and higher accuracy. The simulation proved that the application of the proposed definition of RMS gives more accurate and precise results than the general definition for analog to digital (AD) converters with both lower and higher resolution.
This paper analyzes the life and activities of Janko Janković, head of a card files of the IV Anti-Communist Division, the Special Police Department. Janko Janković was originally a Kragujevac resident, where he received his elementary education, after which he moved to Belgrade and started working in the Belgrade City Administration. He first worked as the chief of the General Police department card file, and from 1941 he was transferred to the same position in the Special Police Department. Almost simultaneously, he connected with the Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia for Serbia and began to inform them of the activities and plans of the Anti-Communist Division of Belgrade City Administration. He actively cooperated with the Communist movement until early October 1943, when he was discovered and arrested, and then executed by shooting on April 27, 1944, in Marinkova bara. It is believed that he helped about 2000 people with his activity. In the paper we tried to objectively analyze his position and activities from the angle of historical science.
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