A delamination or an interlaminar failure is a critical failure mechanism for fibrereinforced composites and, therefore, has already been studied extensively by many researchers. However, it remains an actual research topic, since every day, new polymers with better mechanical properties are being developed for fibre reinforced composites. This manuscript describes an experimental study of both the Mode I and Mode II interlaminar behaviour of a 5-harness satin weave carbon fabric reinforced polyphenylene sulphide (PPS). The mode I crack growth is studied using the Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) setup, whereas the mode II behaviour was studied by the End Notch Flexure (ENF) test. For mode I, an unstable crack-growth was seen resulting in a saw-tooth like force-displacement curve. Therefore, a model based on Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics was considered to determine G IC for both initiation and propagation. Furthermore, the effect of possible fibre-bridging was assessed and an online microscopic study was conducted so that the origin of the specific jumps in crack growth could be determined. For mode II, stable crack propagation occurred and the Compliance-Based Beam Method was used to determine G IIC for both initiation and propagation. It could be concluded that the considered approach worked well for this material and reproducible results and values were found.
Textile fabric reinforced composites are increasingly used in structural applications in the aerospace, automotive and recreational industry. Since experimental testing is labour intensive and time consuming, numerical analysis using Representative Unit Cell (RUC) and Finite Element (FE) analyses for obtaining the elastic material constants have proven to be suitable. One of the drawbacks of the existing techniques is that one is obliged to have identical meshes on opposite faces for applying periodic boundary conditions (PBC), or that multiple part finite element meshes are not allowed. The new ORAS software discussed in this paper allows non-identical meshes at opposite faces and multiple part meshes. If a search is done in the ISI web of knowledge, no papers can be found of the meso-scale finite element modelling with periodic boundary conditions of spread tow fabric composites. With the existing techniques available on the market it is not possible, and therefore the method presented in this paper gives a solution. For the numerical meso-scale FE analysis in combination with macro homogenization for obtaining the macro elastic constants, a thermoplastic carbon-PPS (PolyPhenylene Sulfide) 5-harness satin weave composite (CETEX ® ) was used as an example. The results of the meso-scale FE analysis of the RUC using PBC with macro homogenization obtained with the new technique are in good agreement with those obtained using conventional techniques and experimental data.
The use of fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics for structural applications is continuously increasing and therefore load‐bearing joints cannot be avoided. Because most well‐established joining techniques for metallic structures are not directly applicable to composites, and because thermoplastics are difficult to bond adhesively because of their chemical inertness, another solution is found, namely fusion bonding. This study assesses the use of infrared welding for a carbon fabric–reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). After a short description of the welding setup, the welding parameters such as heating time, contact pressure, and consolidation time are optimized using lapshear experiments. Two welding procedures are considered, one with and one without prior consolidation of PPS on the specimens. It can be concluded that the infrared process proves interesting for the material under study and that the process with prior consolidation of PPS yields reproducible results. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
The reliability of composite structures depends, among other damage mechanisms, on their ability to withstand delaminations. In order to have a better understanding of the cohesive zone method technique for delamination simulations, a complete analysis of the multiple parameters influencing the results is necessary. In this paper the work is concentrated on the cohesive zone method using cohesive elements. First a summary of the theory of the cohesive zone method is given. A numerical investigation on the multiple parameters influencing the numerical simulation of the mode I and mode II delamination tests has been performed. The parameters such as the stabilization method, the output frequency, the friction and the computational efficiency have been taken into account. The results will be compared to an analytical solution obtained by linear elastic fracture mechanics. Additionally the numerical simulation results will be compared to the experimental results of a glass-fibre reinforced composite material for the mode I Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) and to a carbon fibre 5harness satin weave reinforced polyphenylene sulphide composite for the mode I DCB and mode II End Notched Flexure (ENF).
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