Photoelectron detachment measurements have been performed on singly charged phosphorus cluster anions with up to nine atoms, generated by a pulsed arc cluster ion source ͑PACIS͒. Transitions between the anion ground states and states of the neutral clusters are observed for all clusters, and vibrational fin structure in both dimer and trimer. A comparison with the results of density functional calculations with simulated annealing-an extension to negative ions of earlier work on neutral and positively charged clusters-provides a consistent overall picture for all cluster sizes and the firs experimental structural information on several.
Density functional calculations with simulated annealing have been performed for singly charged anions of sulfur clusters with up to nine atoms. The calculations predict the existence of two classes of structure: open ͑chain-like͒ and closed ͑ring-like͒, for which the vertical detachment energies ͑VDE͒ and the adiabatic electron affinities for transitions to states of the neutral clusters show pronounced differences. These calculations are complemented by photoelectron detachment measurements on sulfur cluster ions with up to 11 atoms using a pulsed arc cluster ion source ͑PACIS͒. The measurements provide unambiguous evidence for the existence of two types of isomers in both S 6 Ϫ and S 7 Ϫ. Although ring structures are generally energetically more stable than chain structures, the environment used to generate the larger clusters (nϾ7) favors the formation of the latter. The measured VDE and vibration frequencies agree well with the calculated values.
Density functional calculations with simulated annealing have been performed for singly charged mixed silicon-carbon cluster anions Si n C m Ϫ and for neutral Si n C m clusters with up to eight atoms. The calculations predict the existence of a number of previously unknown isomers and identify two classes of anion structure: carbon-rich ͑chainlike͒ and silicon-rich ͑three-dimensional͒, with pronounced differences in the vertical detachment energies ͑VDE, transitions to states of the neutral clusters͒. The results provide insight into recent photoelectron detachment measurements on the anions.
Experimental and theoretical studies have been performed on singly charged anions of sulphur clusters S,~ up to n = 9. Density functional calculations with simulated annealing predict the existence of two general classes of structure comprising rings and chains, respectively, with markedly different vertical detachment energies (VDE) for transitions to states of the neutral clusters. VDE and vibration frequencies obtained from photoelectron detachment measurements using a pulsed arc cluster ion source (PACIS) agree well with the calculated values and provide unambiguous spectroscopic evidence for the existence of two types of isomers in both S¢~-and S 7.
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