Purpose
This paper aims to advance understanding of the role of informal controls for governing day-to-day interactions in the execution phase of interfirm collaborations. It explores the nature of these informal controls and how they are used by the firm’s partners during this phase.
Design/methodology/approach
In-depth case study of a lateral relationship between a car manufacturer and its suppliers, based on interviews, observations and archival material, and using concepts from the field of psychology.
Findings
The results reveal an interfirm collaboration in which the supplier, in particular, relies on so-called informal interpersonal controls for micro-contracting and solving the control problems of its day-to-day interactions. Specifically, the study finds that the collaboration partners rely on interpersonal influence tactics for influencing behavior, coordinating the activities of the collaboration partners, and mitigating collaborative risks. Depending on the specific individual, in terms of, for example, their “mood”, and the contingencies of the explicit interaction, such as contradicting flanking contractual agreements, the actors engage in different activities, including ingratiation, pressure or rational persuasion.
Originality/value
This study illuminates the role of informal controls in interfirm settings by distinguishing analytically between interpersonal and interorganizational informal controls. By mobilizing the psychological concepts of interpersonal influence tactics, the extant research in this field is complemented through the illustration of how the actors use informal control mechanisms, depending on their corresponding counterpart, and the specific situation of the interaction. The findings thereby highlight the situated nature of governance, suggesting that governance between collaboration partners is not a static condition, rather an ongoing process in which the actors use, and alternate between, distinct tactics in their daily interactions.
Systematisierung der Free Cash Flow-Definitionen Unterschiedliche Definitionen des Free Cash Flow: Eine Kategorisierung Zur Ableitung des Free Cash Flow existieren zwei Möglichkeiten. Nach der OCFbased-method werden ausgehend vom operativen Cash Flow (OCF) die Investitionen in Abzug gebracht. Die incomebased-method nutzt zur Berechnung des Free Cash Flow hingegen eine Erfolgsgröße (income) als Ausgangswert. Uneinigkeit besteht häufig darüber, ob Ausschüttungen an die Eigenkapitalgeber im Free Cash Flow zu berücksichtigen sind. Während die capital-maintenance-perspective einen Free Cash Flow vor Ein-und Auszahlungen aus Finanzierungstätigkeit darstellt, bringt die all-inclusive-perspective noch die Gewinnausschüttungen an die Eigentümer in Abzug.
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