Abstract.Online surveys are an important means of data collection in marketing and research, but conventional survey designs are often perceived as dull and unengaging, resulting in negative respondent behavior. Gamification has been proposed to make online surveys more pleasant to fill and, consequently, to improve the quality of survey results. This work applied gamification to an existing survey targeted at teenagers and young adults. The gamified survey was evaluated in a study with 60 participants regarding the psychological and behavioral outcomes of gamification. Results indicate that gamification successfully increased the users' perceived fun, the average time spent, as well as their willingness to use and recommend the survey, without introducing a strong bias in survey results, albeit with a lower overall response rate.Keywords. Gamification; Online Surveys; Questionnaires; Evaluation IntroductionGamification of online surveys has been proposed to make questionnaire filling a more enjoyable experience and to improve the accuracy of survey results [6,9]. This is an important goal because online surveys have been criticized for their dullness resulting in negative respondent behavior such as speeding, random responding, premature termination, and lack of attention [9,17,23]. In contrast to these negative effects, evaluations of gamified surveys have reported diverse benefits regarding user experience, motivation, participation, amount and quality of data [6,8,9,23]. These prior works confirm the usefulness of gamified online surveys, but have remained unclear about suitable design processes. More recent work [13] has proposed (but not evaluated) a design process that unifies process models from the related disciplines of form design and gamification. This work employs and evaluates the process in a case study where two designers gamified a survey about sports and leisure activities amongst teenagers and young adults. The goals and contributions of this work are firstly, to document our application of the process and the resulting gamified design (Section 4). This will also provide qualitative results (Section 5) regarding the process's applicability and usefulness. And secondly, to evaluate the psychological and behavioral outcomes of the gamified design (Sections 6-8) in an empirical study. Related WorkGamification of online surveys builds on many disciplines [13]. The following section briefly discusses relevant backgrounds, concepts and methods. Tradition and Innovation in Surveys.The use of forms for surveying information has a long historical tradition dating back to the 16th century when officers in Spanish provinces were equipped with questionnaires to standardize interviewing and observations [10]. These questionnaires enabled bureaucratic processes by abstracting individual life experiences into consistent, standardized representations [3,10]. This characteristic is shared with today's digital forms and online surveys, albeit with a different purpose of enabling automated data processing. Under...
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of hot deformation on the aging behavior of precipitation-hardenable aluminum alloy AA7075 within a novel thermo-mechanical forming process, in order to gain insight into its precipitation kinetics. For this purpose, the material was formed at 420 °C after undergoing solution treatment to different strain levels ranging from 2% to 10% to obtain different dislocation densities. After undergoing hot deformation, aging at 120 °C with different parameters was carried out to improve the material hardness. The resulting material properties and microstructure evolution were characterized afterward using hardness measurements and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). TEM investigations revealed the formation of very fine particles for the material formed at 2%, as well as at 10%, of formed material, which act as effective barriers to dislocation motion. It was found that the response of artificial aging on the deformation degree in hot forming was less than expected due to the thermally activated mechanisms, leading to a decrease in dislocation density. Therefore, a dramatic increase in material hardness with the increase in hot deformation was not observed.
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