Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern appears to reduce mortality in the MHO phenotype, but not among the MUO phenotype in an obese population.

Purpose: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used in the general population, and regular NSAID use is associated with improved survival among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We examined the association of NSAID use prior to, and after, diagnosis in relation to CRC-specific and overall survival. Methods: Study subjects were incident, invasive CRC cases from the population-based Seattle Colon Cancer Family Registry. Eligible cases were 20-74 years of age, diagnosed from 1997 to 2008, and identified from the Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Registry. NSAID use two years prior to the interview date ("pre-diagnosis period") was collected by telephone interview at study enrollment an average of eight months after diagnosis. A follow-up questionnaire was administered approximately five years after the cases' CRC diagnosis ("post-diagnosis period"). Regular NSAID use was defined as having taken aspirin or ibuprofen at least twice per week for more than a month. Follow-up for survival and cause of death was completed through linkage to the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of pre-and post-diagnostic NSAID use, and initiation, continuation and discontinuation of NSAIDs between pre-and post-diagnostic periods with survival after CRC diagnosis. Results: Compared to never users, regular NSAID use after diagnosis was associated with better overall survival (HR ¼ 0.69, 95% CI, 0.54-0.89) and CRC-specific survival (HR ¼ 0.48, 95% CI, 0.29-0.80). Among people who survived five years after diagnosis, both overall and CRC-specific survival were better for patients who initiated NSAID use postdiagnosis compared to never users, with HRs (95% CI) of 0.70 (0.51-0.95) and 0.43 (0.23-0.82), respectively. HR estimates were stronger for CRC-specific survival among those with non-advanced (local and regional) CRC (HR ¼ 0.38, 95% CI, 0.18-0.77). Conclusion: Our results suggest that among longterm CRC survivors, regular use of NSAID after CRC diagnosis, including when initiated after diagnosis, is significantly associated with longer CRC-specific survival. This association is more pronounced for patients with non-advanced CRC. Studies of dietary patterns and cancer outcomes also suggest that diet might influence an individual's risk of PanC through modulation of inflammation. We, therefore, examined independent and joint associations between inflammatory potential of diet, cigarette smoking and long-standing type II diabetes (greater than 5 years) in relation to risk of PanC. Methods: Data were from a clinic-based, case-control study of rapidly ascertained patients with incident adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas (n ¼ 819) evaluated at Mayo Clinic and non-cancer control patients (n ¼ 1,769) recruited from Mayo Clinic primary care facilities. Controls were frequency-matched to cases on age, race, and sex. Inflammatory potential of diet was measured using the dietary inflamm...