Various fishing gears that are operated in the coral reef waters of Western Seram Regency have their own selectivity, capture various species of fish, and have an impact on the damage to coral reef ecosystems. This study aims to determine the leading reef fishing gears in Western Seram District. The survey method is through observations and interviews with fishermen who conduct fishing activities of coral species. Respondents are determined by propulsive sampling, the selection of superior fishing gear is done by the scoring method. The results showed that the fishing gear classified into the line fishing gear was superior to other fishing gear, where the bottom trolling were superior. The less favored coral fishing equipment especially from the biological aspect needs attention to improve the method and design of the fishing gear.
Ambon Bay is one of the centers of economic activity held by the Ambon City community and is vicinity area. The fishing sector is one of the activities found in this area. The kind of fishing activity and its related problem faced by the fishermen of this area is the content of this study. This study was aimed to investigate the kind of fishing gear operated in this area and to identify problems faced by the fishermen in conducting their activity. Data were obtained from 91 fishermen fishing in this area with various types of fishing gear and conducted through interviews and field observation. Data obtained were then analyzed descriptively. Kind of fishing gears found to operate in Ambon Bay consists of gill net, hand line, beach seine, bottom longline, lift net, purse seine, and trap net. The common problem face by the fishermen is plenty of floating debris, high turbidity caused by flooding. All these problems hampering the fishing activity that leads to a decline in fish production and fishermen’s income. Another problem that occurs is the increase of fishing gear operated in the area with relatively a small fishing area apart from fish resources that already decrease compared to 15 – 20 years before. From field observation and interviews with the local fisher, it was found that fish production has declined up to 50%.
This research aims are to determine the potential fishing grounds of yellowfin tuna based on the approach of sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a and catches in the Ceram Sea. Overall catches of 407 Individuals. In January the total catches were 66 individuals (14.44%), in February 67 individuals (14.66%), in March 84 individuals (18.38%), in April 116 individuals (25.38%) and in May 124 individuals (27.13%). The distribution of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a in the Ceram Sea in January-May 2019 looks varied. In January the average sea surface temperature was 29.13 oC, in February sea surface temperature was 29.54 oC, in March sea surface temperature was 30.12 oC, in April sea surface temperature was 30.12 oC, in May sea surface temperature was 29.77 oC. Chlorophyll-a concentration in January and February was 0.21 mg/m3, March was 0.20 mg/m3, April was 0.16 mg/m3, and May was 0.25 mg/m3. The results of the t-test analysis showed the P-value of sea surface temperature was 0.009<0.05, chlorophyll-a P-value 0.00048<0.05. Determination of potential fishing areas based on sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a, and CPUE indicators shows that potential fishing areas are found in January, February, March, and May, while in April are in the medium potential category. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan menentukan daerah penangkapan potensial Tuna madidihang berdasarkan pendekatan suhu permukaan laut, klorofil-a dan hasil tangkapan di Laut Seram. Secara keseluruhan hasil tangkapan ikan tuna madidihang sebanyak 407 Individu. Bulan Januari total hasil tangkapan sebanyak 66 individu (14.44%), bulan Februari 67 individu (14.66%), bulan Maret 84 individu (18.38%), bulan April 116 individu (25.38%) dan bulan Mei 124 individu (27.13%). Sebaran suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a di Laut Seram pada bulan Januari-Mei 2019 terlihat bervariasi. Bulan Januari rata-rata suhu permukaan laut sebesar 29.13 oC, bulan Februari suhu permukaan laut 29.54 o, bulan Maret suhu permukaan laut 30.12 oC, bulan April suhu permukaan laut 30.12 oC, bulan Mei suhu permukaan laut 29.77 oC. Konsentrasi klorofil-a pada bulan Januari dan Februari sebesar 0.21 mg/m3, bulan Maret sebesar 0.20 mg/m3, bulan April sebesar 0.16 mg/m3, dan bulan Mei sebesar 0.25 mg/m3. Hasil analisis uji t menunjukan nilai P-value suhu permukaan laut sebesar 0,009<0,05, klorofil-a P-value 0,00048<0,05. Penentuan daerah penangkapan ikan potensial berdasarkan indikator suhu permukaan laut, klorofil-a dan CPUE menunjukkan daerah penangkapan ikan potensial terdapat pada bulan Januari, Februari, Maret, dan Mei, sedangkan pada bulan April berada dalam kategori potensial sedang.
Increasing of global awareness related to environmental management, ecosystems, and fisheries resources is a trigger in the reactualization of community traditions and institutions. People of Tidore Islands City, known as indigenous people with their coastal and marine institutional traditions in North Maluku Province, have a local order handed down in the utilization of the coastal and marine resources. This study aimed to analyze the existence of traditions and institutions and their effects on managing coastal and marine resources in the City of Tidore Islands. The research was conducted on June-August 2019 in the city of Tidore Islands. This research encompass 4 Subdistrict and 2 villages namely, Tomalou, Mareku, Soasio and Dowora Subdistrict as well as Mare Gam and Maitara village,. The research applied a qualitative method, which involves in-depth interview techniques, observation, and documentation. Data were analysed using a qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study showed that there are five local wisdoms that are maintained by the people of Tidore Islands City nowadays. These local wisdom is a legacy from the ancestors in the management of coastal and marine resources, namely Karo Kahiya (Calling the Dolphins), Fola Sow (Lit. House of Medicine), Jere (Sacred), Cofa (Fish breeding) and Saihu (Leader/Fishing Master). The approach to management of coastal and marine resources with procedures or traditions and institutions contributed a significant impact (very effective) on local communities in relation to the sustainable use of coastal and marine resources. as well as the preservation of local traditions and customary institutions. ABSTRAK Meningkatnya kesadaran global terkait pengelolaan lingkungan, ekosistem dan pemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan menjadi pemicu dalam reaktualisasi tradisi dan kelembagaan masyarakat. Masyarakat Kota Tidore Kepulauan yang dikenal sebagai masyarakat adat dengan tradisi kelembagaan pesisir dan lautnya di Provinsi Maluku Utara, merupakan masyarakat yang memiliki tatanan lokal yang turun temurun dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya pesisir dan laut dimaksud. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganlisis eksistensi tradisi dan kelembagaan serta pengaruhnya terhadap pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir dan laut di Kota Tidore Kepulauan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Juni- Agustus 2019, di Kota Tidore Kepulauan meliputi 2 desa dan 4 kelurahan yakni, Desa Mare Gam, Desa Maitara, Kelurahan Tomalou dan Kelurahan Mareku, Kelurahan Soasio dan kelurahan Dowora. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, yang melibatkan teknik-teknik wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan sampai saat ini masih terdapat lima kearifan lokal yang tetap terjaga oleh masyarakat Kota Tidore Kepulauan yang merupakan warisan dari para leluhur dalam pengelolaan sumbedaya pesisir dan laut, yakni Karo Kahiya (Memanggil Lumba Lumba), Fola Sow (Rumah Obat), Jere (Keramat), Cofa (Penangkaran Ikan) dan Saihu (Pemimpin/Nakoda dalam Operasi Penangkapan Ikan). Pendekatan pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir dan lautan dengan tradisi dan kelembagaan telah memberikan dampak yang sangat signifikan (sangat efektif) bagi masyarakat setempat dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya pesisir dan lautan yang berkelanjutan maupun pelestarian tradisi dan kelembagaan adat istiadat setempat. Kata Kunci: Tradisi, kelembagaan, pengelolaan, sumberdaya, Tidore
One of the fishery commodities with high economic value is tuna, where in the Maluku region in 2021, tuna production will be 35.56% (BPS, 2022). Tuna is caught using handlines which are classified as small-scale fisheries. The existence of tuna that changes over time causes fishermen to experience uncertainty in finding suitable fishing areas. Temperature is an important indicator in the distribution and abundance of tuna. This study aims to determine the composition of the hand line catch and to analyze the temperature distribution based on the area of the hand line fishing operation in Central Maluku Regency. The research was conducted in the waters with the method used is a survey method by following fishing trips and using GPS satellite-based Spot Trace to track vessel movement activities during fishing operations. Descriptive data analysis was used to determine the composition of fisherman catches and used SeaWiFS Data Analysis System (SEADAS) 7.3.1 and Surfer 12 to analyze the distribution of water temperatures at fishing locations. The results showed that yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) dominated the catch by 70.30%, bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) by 20.19% and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) by 0.52%. The frequency distribution of yellowfin tuna length ranges from 23-171 cmFL where during 2019 it was dominated by sizes <100 cmFL as much as 82.42%. The SST range in January is 290C-310C, optimal fishing is at 29.80C-30.40C, April is in the range of 30.20C-31.70C, optimal fishing is at 30.90C-31.30C, in May is in the range of 27.40C-31,40C the optimal catch is in the temperature range of 27.80C -30.80C, in June is 27.40C -280C the optimal catch is in the temperature range 27.60C-27.850C, in September 27.40C-29.50C the optimal catch is at a temperature range of 27, 80C -28.50C, and in December the range of 29.40C-31.50C is optimal for catching at a temperature range of 30.40C -31.20C
Changes in internal and external factors during operation of bottom gill net will affect to catch ability of bottom gill net. The presence of marine debris in the ocean is predicted to influence the internal factors of gill nets which leads to reduction of catch ability. This study aimed to identify the factors that lead to decreasing of catch ability of bottom gill nets and to calculate the reduction of catch ability due to changes in hanging ratio caused by marine debris. Fishing activity using bottom gill net for 10 replications was conducted to identify the factors that affect the bottom gill net’s catch ability, while the reduced catch ability is calculated through the percentage of net area covered by garbage, changes in the hanging ratio and tension of the net body due to the entangled and twisted garbage in the net. The results showed that there were three factors that led to a reduction in the catch ability of bottom gill nets due to marine debris, namely: garbage stuck to the body of the net, trash entangled in net webs and trash wrapped around the body of the net. The closure of the mesh, changes in openings of mesh and net tension result in a decrease in the catch ability of bottom gill nets by 20-50%.
Fishermen in Wakal Village still water is pot to catch coral fish species. The pot is made from woven bamboo with small hexagonal-shaped cracks. The type of fish that are targeted by the catch usually after being caught in the traps suffer injuries to their bodies as they try to escape through small gaps that are hexagonal. The purpose of this study is to analyze the viability of fish after escaping to the cover net. The data were collected by experimental fishing using four units of pots that were cover net in 20 repetitions. The research was conducted from September to December 2018 in Wakal Village, and Central Maluku Regency. The total number of fish caught is only 2.83% of fish that escape into the net cover. Fish that escaped are divided into 7 species including Plectrypops lima, Pinjalo lewisi, Ephinephelus tauvina, Chaetodon kleini, Centropyge bicolor, Priolepis cincta, Paraluteres prionurus. The cause of fish death is not only assessed from the wounds on the body of the fish when escaping or the wounds resulting from contact with other fish but the stress from the fish itself. The environmental factors that greatly affect the survival of fish when escaping are temperature and salinity. Nelayan di Perairan Desa Wakal menggunakan alat tangkap bubu untuk menangkap ikan karang. Bubu terbuat dari anyaman bambu dengan celah-celah berukuran kecil berbentuk hexagonal. Jenis ikan yang menjadi target tangkapan biasanya setelah tertangkap oleh bubu mengalami luka pada tubuhnya karena berupaya meloloskan diri melalui celah-celah kecil yang berbentuk hexagonal. Luka yang terdapat pada tubuh ikan dapat mengakibatkan kondisi yang buruk bagi kelangsungan hidup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Menganalisis kelangsungan hidup ikan setelah meloloskan diri ke cover net. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan uji coba penangkapan menggunakan 4 unit bubu buton yang dipasang cover net sebanyak 20 kali ulangan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September-Desember 2018 di Desa Wakal, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Total jumlah keseluruhan ikan yang tertangkap hanya 2.83% ikan yang meloloskan diri masuk ke dalam cover net. Ikan yang lolos terbagi dalam 7 spesies diantaranya Plectrypops lima, Pinjalo lewisi, Ephinephelus tauvina, Chaetodon kleini, Centropyge bicolor, Priolepis cincta, Paraluteres prionurus. Penyebab kematian ikan bukan saja dinilai dari luka pada tubuh ikan saat meloloskan diri ataupun luka akibat dari kontak dengan ikan lainnya namun stress dari ikan itu sendiri. Adapun faktor-faktor lingkungan yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup ikan saat meloloskan diri yaitu suhu dan salinitas.
Development of land cover change in IUPHHK-HA PT. Gema Hutani Lestari is very important to know, so that future patterns of land cover change can be predicted so that negative land cover changes can be prevented or reduced, so that land cover changes that occur can be analyzed. This study aims to access land cover change in the IUPHHK-HA PT. Gema Hutani Lestari between 2013, 2016 and 2018. The methodology used by this study is guided classification with maximum and visual likelihood estimates, spatial data analysis, field checks and using overlays for landsat 8 data in 2013, 2016 and 2018. This study shows that land cover in IUPHHK-HA in Buru Regency, Maluku Province in 2013-2016 changed from forest to open land (69.26%) and from forest to allang-allang (29.03%) dominated by Main Swamp Forest (39.27%), Primary Dry Forest 27.08% and Secondary Swamp Forest ± 17.12%. While the smallest land cover is 0.01% pasture. The largest land cover change occurred in the Secondary Dryland Forest which was reduced ± 693,444 Ha. The most significant change when compared to the situation in 2005 was the Bush Intervention Dryland Agriculture which increased ± 190.69%. Deforestation that occurred was ± 1,122.21 ha (± 160.32 ha / year) and degradation was ± 100.19 ha (± 14.31 ha / year).
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