Unconditioned responses of earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris, to light were found to be a complex function of time between test trials and ablation of supra and subpharyngeal ganglia. Normal worms made more. URs to light with an 88-sec. ITI than with a 6-sec. ITI; more than 90% of URs were withdrawal (negative) responses; adaptation as measured by increased latencies occurred across 60 test trials. Ablation of supra, sub, or both neural ganglia led to decreased URs only for worms tested with 88-sec. ITI; more than 50% of URs were approach (positive) responses. Results are related to effects of ITI on conditioning and theory of ganglion control of response to light.
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