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L’autorégulation peut être définie comme un processus d’orientation vers un objectif visant l’atteinte et le suivi de buts personnels. Dans cet article, on distingue trois phases dans ce processus: 1) le choix d’un objectif, l’organisation et la représentation/interprétation; 2) la poursuite active du but; 3) l’atteinte et le suivi ou, au moment opportun, l’abandon du but. Ces trois phases servent de fil conducteur à ce texte. On présente pour chaque phase des outils d’évaluation et des interventions. L’article se termine par la description d’orientations pour de futures recherches concernant l’évaluation de l’autorégulation et les interventions, en retenant quinze principes d’intervention qui peuvent être exploités comme régles générales pour la mise en œuvre d’interventions dans la prise en charge des maladies chroniques et le développement d’une politique de santé. Self‐regulation can be defined as a goal‐guidance process aimed at the attainment and maintenance of personal goals. In this article three phases are distinguished in this process: (a) goal selection, setting and construal/representation; (b) active goal pursuit; and (c) goal attainment and maintenance or, when appropriate, goal disengagement. These phases are used as a structure for the present review. For each phase, assessment instruments and interventions are described. The article concludes with directions for future research concerning self‐regulation assessment and interventions, including 15 intervention principles which can be used as rules of thumb for the development of interventions in chronic illness management and in health promotion.

In a meta-analysis of 37 studies, the effects of psychoeducational (health education and stress management) programs for coronary heart disease patients were examined. The results suggest that these programs yielded a 34% reduction in cardiac mortality; a 29% reduction in recurrence of myocardial infarction (MI); and significant (p < .025) positive effects on blood pressure, cholesterol, body weight, smoking behavior, physical exercise, and eating habits. No effects of psychoeducational programs were found in regard to coronary bypass surgery, anxiety, or depression. The results also suggest that cardiac rehabilitation programs that were successful on proximal targets (systolic blood pressure, smoking behavior, physical exercise, emotional distress) were more effective on distal targets (cardiac mortality and MI recurrences) than programs without success on proximal targets.

Nursing managers should be aware of the causes and consequences of occupational stress in emergency room nurses in order to enable preventive interventions.

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Aim and background  This study examines the influence of changes in work conditions on stress outcomes as well as influence of changes in stress outcomes on work conditions. As such, it answers questions still open in the literature regarding causality of work environmental characteristics and the health of nurses. Method  A complete, two wave panel design was used with a time interval of 3 years. The sample consisted of 381 hospital nurses in different functions, working in different wards. Results  Changes in work conditions are predictive of the outcomes, especially of job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. The strongest predictors of job satisfaction were social support from supervisor, reward and control over work. The strongest predictors of emotional exhaustion were work and time pressure and physical demands. Reversed relationships were also found for these outcomes. Conclusion  The results of this study are consistent with transactional models of stress that indicate that stressors and stress outcomes mutually influence each other. To prevent nurses from a negative spiral, it seems of importance to intervene early in the process.

Emergency departments should be screened regularly on job and organizational characteristics to identify determinants of stress-health outcomes that can be the target of preventive interventions.