Summary.Oral/perioral piercing may provide an ideal environment for adhesion and colonization of microorganisms. The aim of this study is to perform an "in vitro" research on the capabilities of adhesion of Candida albicans on oral piercings made of plastic and metal. Acrylic and metal piercings were incubated with Candida albicans and then were observed using scanning electron microscopy under different magnifi cations. A lot of irregularities and roughness were observed on the surface of the plastic piercing unlike the surface of the metal one, which is not so rough. Nevertheless, the number of Candida albicans colonies was considerably larger on the scanned metal surface in comparison to the plastic surface. In vitro the metal surface of the piercing creates better environment for the adhesion and colonization of microorganisms than the acrylic. This could be attributed to the electrostatic forces that most likely attract Candida albicans to the metal piercing in the early stages of biofi lm formation.
Among the local factors for oral candidiasis, the piercing of the tongue is recognized by some authors as a risk factor for the colonization of Candida albicans. There are few case reports in which Candida spp. colonization and infection are associated with tongue piercing but only one microbiological study supports this hypothesis in general. The aim of this study was to examine this possible association between the presence of both tongue piercing and Candida spp. in healthy individuals. Positive results for tongue colonization with Candida spp. were found in four (12.9%) of the tongue-pierced subjects and in three (9.67%) subjects of the control group (p = 0.550). All samples were identified as Candida albicans. The univariate and logistic regression analyses of possible risk factors for tongue colonization revealed that gender (p = 0.024), smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day (p = 0.021), and improper hygiene (p = 0.028) were statistically significant influencing factors in the multivariate analysis. The results suggest that the piercing of the tongue is not a risk factor for colonization of Candida spp.
Neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) are clusters of highly specialized cells spread in the epithelium of intrapulmonary airways. The present study aimed at the identification and morphological description of the pulmonary NEBs in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Tissue slices from the lungs of 1-month-old male SHRs were stained routinely with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or with the vital dye neutral red. The H&E staining revealed the neuroendocrine cells as visible clusters of clear cells seen in the airway epithelium. Neutral red staining visualized the NEBs as reddish cell clusters protruding in the airway lumen. Our results support the general morphological structure of sensory receptors in SHRs. Their role and significance in the development of essential hypertension remains to be clarified.
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