Steroids are a group of anti-inflammatory drugs, commonly used to treat ocular and systemic conditions. Unmonitored use of steroids especially in eye drop formulations is common in situations when it is easily available over-the-counter, resulting in undesirable side effects.Among the ocular side effects, cataract and glaucoma are common. Steroid-induced ocular hypertension was reported in 1950, when long-term use of systemic steroid was shown to increase the intraocular pressure (IOP). Chronic administration of steroids in any form with raised IOP can cause optic neuropathy resulting in steroid-induced glaucoma.This review describes the pathophysiology and epidemiology of steroid-induced glaucoma, recognition of side effects, and principles of management. The purpose is to familiarize all clinicians with the potential dangers of administering steroids without monitoring the eye and the dangers of irreversible blindness in some instances of habitual self-prescription by patients.
Three cases of external ophthalmomyiasis are reported here. The larvae were identified to be Oestrus ovis in two cases and Cochliomyia hominivorax in one. Two of the patients were immunocompetent while one was undergoing treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of eyelid. In the latter myiasis led to complete destruction of the eye.
Lipaemia retinalis occurs as the result of a marked elevation of serum lipids. Combined hyperlipidaemia may occur as a primary familial or secondary acquired abnormality. A case of lipaemia retinalis is described, documented by fundus photographs. A complete lipid profile of the patient revealed marked hyperlipidaemia. The lipoprotein lipase level was found to be reduced 0.3 cu (normal 0.5-2.0 cu). The patient was put on a low-fat diet, after which serial fundus photographs showed an improvement in the fundus appearance. Follow-up lipid profile estimations showed a decrease in triglyceride and cholesterol levels. After 6 months of follow-up complete reversal of lipaemia retinalis was documented. In this case, reversal of lipaemia retinalis occurred with dietary therapy alone.
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