Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.
A new routing environment model, called the k-MCM model, is developed to take into account the unique features of a multilayer MCM, such as the availability of "segmented vias", and the presence of two "active" or terminal-bearing layers. A detailed layer assignment problem is formulated on the k-MCM model. A fast heuristic algorithm for the layer assignment problem is proposed. and experimental results on twelve test examples with net counts up to 842 are presented.
Technological innovations have revolutionized the educational technology into various dimensions. Educational processes without educational technology have no value in this modern world. In education domain, the educational software has simplified the processes in greater extend. A proper development methodology has to be implemented while developing such educational software. In particular, the software developed to enrich these education processes should follow a development strategy to motivate the end users to utilize the hypermedia potentials. The software development life cycle (SDLC) has different phases in designing such educational technology and assists the end users to benefit from the modern technology. This study identifies the various factors to be considered at each phase of the SDLC while developing educational software. Also, this study proposes some suggestions to be followed in ESDLC with respect to educational processes perspectives. The core idea of this study is to identify the various issues in implementing such educational software in day to day teaching and learning processes.
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