Adhesion is the process of attachment of substances due to the presence of intermolecular forces of attraction between them. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) polymers have widespread use in the adhesive industry because of their favorable physicochemical properties. In an aqueous environment, the adhesive properties of pyrrolidone‐based materials are correlated to their polarities. Pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) are an unusual class of adhesive polymers. A PSA composition should also exhibit high‐cohesive strength and elasticity. Lactam‐based vinyl monomers are widely employed in ultraviolet and electron beam curable adhesives commonly found in coatings, inks, optical materials, and packaging applications. Urea‐formaldehyde thermoset resins are one of the most important classes of adhesive resins for producing wood‐based panels. The adhesives were made by coaxial‐electrospinning of polycaprolactam as the core and PVP as the adhesive sheath. The resulting material was radiation‐crosslinked to yield matrices that were composed of fibrous layered materials.
The initial success of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a blood plasma expander in Europe and later in the United States led to further clinical investigation into the polymer's biological interactions. Pharmaceutical excipients constitute the majority ingredients of a medicine. The excipients, apart from meeting the stringent quality and safety requirements for medical usage, play a crucial role in ensuring stability and bioavailability of the active principles. Solubility and solubilization are important concepts in the pharmaceutical industry. The chapter presents the discussions on delivery of drugs by nanoparticles and amorphous solid dispersions cover aspects of molecular complex formation between drugs and pyrrolidone‐ or lactam‐based materials. Formulations based on povidone iodine continue to remain popular even decades after their first uses for wound healing and antisepsis. Stronger binding in the lower dendrimers may have utility in certain drug delivery situations, where complex stability coupled to drug delivery to the destination are deemed critical to the treatment situation.
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are the essential, active ingredients of pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. This chapter provides a comprehensive and systematic coverage of pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of pyrrolidone and caprolactam‐based materials in API applications. Antibiotics and antimicrobials are indispensable drugs for human and animal health and well‐being. The chapter also provides an explanation of the mechanism of action for the excipients in dosage forms ranging from conventional solids and liquids to novel solids and colloidal drug delivery systems. The modulation of solubility of poorly soluble drugs is a viable and safe approach for enhancing the drug's bioavailability. The drug development within the pharmaceutical industry has undergone a significant transformation. Prior to the late 1980s, drug candidates were primarily established by empirically‐based screening programs, where the leading candidates were mostly selected from chemical compounds that had already undergone significant technical investigation.
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