Aim
To determine the nature and frequency of behavioral phenotypes and sleep disturbances in individuals with SATB2‐associated syndrome (SAS).
Method
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and an age‐appropriate sleep questionnaire were distributed to the parents of individuals with SAS. All scores were compared to available normative data.
Results
Thirty‐one individuals completed the assessment (18 females, 13 males; mean age 7y 4mo [SD 4y 1mo], range 2–16y). Individuals with SAS had significantly higher Total Difficulty scores than the normative sample (14.9 [SD 5.8] vs 7.1 [SD 5.7], p<0.001). A high frequency of emotional problems (22.6% vs 8%, p=0.01), peer problems (48.4% vs 10%, p<0.001), hyperactivity (48.4% vs 9%, p<0.001), and low prosocial behaviors (45.2% vs 9%, p<0.001) contribute to the behavioral profile in SAS. Concurrent sleeping difficulties were also frequently identified. Ten individuals in the 5 to 15 years age range had at least one sleep disorder (mean Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children total score 40.9 [SD 8.4] vs 35.1 [SD 7.7], p<0.001).
Interpretation
With previous limited available objective neurobehavioral data on the SAS population, we reported evidence of high‐risk for a broad spectrum of burdensome behavioral phenotype and concurrent sleeping difficulties, the latter being particularly prevalent during early childhood. Routine assessment and treatment for behavioral issues and sleep problems is recommended.
What this paper adds
Emotional and peer problems, hyperactivity, and low prosocial behavior are common in SATB2‐associated syndrome.
The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire Total Difficulty scores are atypical in nearly half of individuals.
Behavioral difficulties are perceived as burdensome to over half of the parents.
Nearly half of individuals have at least one sleep disorder.
Sleep–wake transition disorders were most common.
Background and Objectives: Comorbid anxiety is common among buprenorphine patients and may lead to poorer outcomes. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and impact of anxiety severity, measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form Y-1 & Y2 scale, on treatment outcomes (retention and phase advancement) among outpatient buprenorphine-treated patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 94 patients admitted to an outpatient buprenorphine treatment program was conducted. Patients were dichotomized into high and low severity groups based upon an STAI State Anxiety (S-Anxiety) and STAI Trait Anxiety (T-Anxiety) score ≥60 and <60, respectively. Associations of anxiety severity on successful phase advancement and retention during the first 90 days of treatment were assessed. Results: Twenty-one of 94 (22%) participants reported high S-Anxiety and had a significantly greater likelihood of phase advancement (OR = 12.80, 95% CI = [1.19, 136.71]) than those with low S-Anxiety. No significant associations were found between either S-Anxiety or T-Anxiety and treatment retention. Current alcohol use and UDS negative test results for THC or amphetamines were each associated with phase advancement. THC negative UDS test results were associated with 90-day treatment retention. Discussion and Conclusions: Contrary to prior reports, buprenorphine patients with higher state anxiety severity demonstrated similar retention and more rapid phase advancement than those with lower state anxiety severity.Scientific Significance: To our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify current anxiety severity using the STAI scale and evaluate its impact on treatment outcomes among buprenorphine-treated patients.
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