Described herein is a flexible and lightweight chemiresistor made of a thin film composed of overlapped and reduced graphene oxide platelets (RGO film), which were printed onto flexible plastic surfaces by using inkjet techniques. The RGO films can reversibly and selectively detect chemically aggressive vapors such as NO 2 , Cl 2 , etc. Detection is achieved, without the aid of a vapor concentrator, at room temperature using an air sample containing vapor concentrations ranging from 100 ppm to 500 ppb. Inkjet printing of RGO platelets is achieved for the first time using aqueous surfactant-supported dispersions of RGO powder synthesized by the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide (GO), by using ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as a mild and green reducing agent. The resulting film is has electrical conductivity properties (s % 15 S cm À1 ) and has fewer defects compared to RGO films obtained by using hydrazine reduction.Graphene has emerged as an environmentally stable electronic material with exceptional thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties because of its two-dimensional sp 2 -bonded structure. [1,2] Although individual graphene sheets have been synthesized on various surfaces using chemical vapor deposition, [2,3] an important chemical route to bulk quantities of RGO involves the conversion of graphite into GO using strong oxidants, and then subsequent reduction of the dispersed GO into RGO using strong reducing agents (e.g., hydrazine). [4,5] The large available surface area of graphene makes it an attractive candidate for use as a chemiresistor for chemical and biological detection. There are a few reports on vapor detection using graphene films on interdigitated arrays, [6][7][8][9] and one interesting report on singlemolecule detection. [9] In recent reports on reversible NO 2 vapor detection using graphene, either the response/recovery time of the signal is long, [7] or efforts to improve the recovery cycle by increasing the temperature was complicated by a smaller sensor response.[6] Herein we describe a rugged and flexible sensor using inkjet-printed films of RGO on poly-(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to reversibly detect NO 2 and Cl 2 vapors within an air sample at the parts per billion level, and demonstrate the use of ascorbic acid as a mild and effective alternative to hydrazine to reduce GO into RGO.Ascorbic acid reduction of dispersed graphene oxide into RGO is carried out by first preparing GO from graphite using the method reported by Hummers and Offeman, [10] and then dispersing it in water containing 1 % polyethylene glycol. Ascorbic acid powder (3 g) is added to a 3 mg mL À1 aqueous GO dispersion and heated to 80 8C for 1 hour, at which point the color changes from yellow-brown to black, signaling the conversion into RGO platelets (Figure 1 a). This RGO powder is suction filtered and washed with water, and then

Described herein is a flexible and lightweight chemiresistor made of a thin film composed of overlapped and reduced graphene oxide platelets (RGO film), which were printed onto flexible plastic surfaces by using inkjet techniques. The RGO films can reversibly and selectively detect chemically aggressive vapors such as NO 2 , Cl 2 , etc. Detection is achieved, without the aid of a vapor concentrator, at room temperature using an air sample containing vapor concentrations ranging from 100 ppm to 500 ppb. Inkjet printing of RGO platelets is achieved for the first time using aqueous surfactant-supported dispersions of RGO powder synthesized by the reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide (GO), by using ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as a mild and green reducing agent. The resulting film is has electrical conductivity properties (s % 15 S cm À1 ) and has fewer defects compared to RGO films obtained by using hydrazine reduction.Graphene has emerged as an environmentally stable electronic material with exceptional thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties because of its two-dimensional sp 2 -bonded structure. [1,2] Although individual graphene sheets have been synthesized on various surfaces using chemical vapor deposition, [2,3] an important chemical route to bulk quantities of RGO involves the conversion of graphite into GO using strong oxidants, and then subsequent reduction of the dispersed GO into RGO using strong reducing agents (e.g., hydrazine). [4,5] The large available surface area of graphene makes it an attractive candidate for use as a chemiresistor for chemical and biological detection. There are a few reports on vapor detection using graphene films on interdigitated arrays, [6][7][8][9] and one interesting report on singlemolecule detection. [9] In recent reports on reversible NO 2 vapor detection using graphene, either the response/recovery time of the signal is long, [7] or efforts to improve the recovery cycle by increasing the temperature was complicated by a smaller sensor response.[6] Herein we describe a rugged and flexible sensor using inkjet-printed films of RGO on poly-(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) to reversibly detect NO 2 and Cl 2 vapors within an air sample at the parts per billion level, and demonstrate the use of ascorbic acid as a mild and effective alternative to hydrazine to reduce GO into RGO.Ascorbic acid reduction of dispersed graphene oxide into RGO is carried out by first preparing GO from graphite using the method reported by Hummers and Offeman, [10] and then dispersing it in water containing 1 % polyethylene glycol. Ascorbic acid powder (3 g) is added to a 3 mg mL À1 aqueous GO dispersion and heated to 80 8C for 1 hour, at which point the color changes from yellow-brown to black, signaling the conversion into RGO platelets (Figure 1 a). This RGO powder is suction filtered and washed with water, and then

Chemiresistors made of thin films of single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles on cellulosics (paper and cloth) can detect aggressive oxidizing vapors such as nitrogen dioxide and chlorine at 250 and 500 ppb, respectively, at room temperature in ambient air without the aid of a vapor concentrator. Inkjet-printed films of CNTs on 100% acid-free paper are significantly more robust than dip-coated films on plastic substrates. Performance attributes include low sensor-to-sensor variation, spontaneous signal recovery, negligible baseline drift, and the ability to bend the sensors to a crease without loss of sensor performance.

Nanofibers of polyaniline and oligoanilines of controlled molecular weight, e.g., tetraaniline, octaaniline, and hexadecaaniline, are synthesized using a versatile high ionic strength aqueous system that permits the use of H(2)O(2) with no added catalysts as a mild oxidizing agent. Films of oligoanilines deposited on plastic substrates show a robust and reversible chemiresistor response to NO(2) vapor at room temperature in ambient air (100-5 ppm).

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Synchrotron x-ray diffraction is used to compare the misfit strain and composition in a self-organized nanowire array in an InAs/GaSb superlattice with InSb interfacial bonds to a planar InAs/GaSb superlattice with GaAs interfacial bonds. It is found that the morphological instability that occurs in the nanowire array results from the large misfit strain that the InSb interfacial bonds have in the nanowire array. Based on this result, we propose that tailoring the type of interfacial bonds during the epitaxial growth of III-V semiconductor films provides a novel approach for producing the technologically important morphological instability in anomalously thin layers.