Wujud mencakup segala hal, mulai dari Dzat Suci (Ilahi), realitasrealitas abstrak dan material, baik substansi maupun aksiden, baik esensi maupun keadaan selalu mengalami gerak substansi , demikin pula dengan species manusia, sebagai bagian dari wujud yang dianugerahi akal budi senantiasa mengalami gerak substansi (Substantion Motion atau Al-Harakat al-Jawhariyyah).Manusia bagian dari wujud sadar ataupun tidak ia akan terus bergerak apakah kepada kemajuan atau kemunduran tergantung subjek manusia itu sendiri dan juga dipengaruhi lingkungan sekitarnya. Gerak tadi menjadi apa yang disebut sebagai perubahan. Pertumbuhan penduduk yang begitu pesat, merupakan bagian dari perubahan, sementara tidak berbanding lurus dengan lapangan pekerjaan yang tersedia maka peluang usaha yng sekaligus juga menjawab keinginan masyarakat dalam usaha pemenuhan kebutuhannya baik dari pihak pebisnis atau owner maupun bagi masyarakat pengguna jasa bisnis tersebut dalam sektor informal, munculah fenomena angkutan berbasis online sebagai sarana pengisi kekosongan yang belum mendapat perhatian pemerintah sebelumnya, seperti Go-Jek, Grabbike dan Uber. Adapun usaha/bisnis tersebut berlandaskan kepada pasal 1338 KUHPerdata jo pasal 1320 KUHPerdata, Di dalam praktek bahwa unsur kesepakatan menjadi penting terlaksananya sebuah perikatan dan pelaksanaan perjanjian sebab sudah menjadi undang-undang bagi yang membuatnya, akan tetapi dalam bisnis online dikarenakan tidak adanya face to face antara yang menawarkan barang dan atau jasa (Pengusaha/owner) dengan yang menghendaki barang dan atau jasa (Konsumen) adalah peluang kecurangan bagi pihak-pihak yang tidak memiliki 'itikad baik. Persoalan lainnya adalah tercipta friksi, persaingan antara pebisnis angkutan berbasis online dengan pelaku usaha angkutan konvensional. Diantara owner dengan konsumen terdapat mitra usaha yaitu driver yang juga KAJIAN TEORITIS PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI ANGKUTAN BERBASIS ONLINE.... RJIH 216 sebagai konsumen pertama sebab mitra tersebut menggunakan system yang ditawarkan pengusha/owner dimaksud. Fiat Justitia Ruat Coelum.
Capital, which refers to cost, is one consideration in building low-cost apartment. Because of this developer can utilize the finance provided by banks. However, financing can be gained by selling the units before the low-cost apartment is built. This is as meant by Article 42 of the Law No. 20 of 2011 on low-cost apartment building, which allows the property units to be marketed before it is built (pre-project selling). However, before conducting the sales, there are some requirements to meet. This is contained in Article 43 of the Law No. 20 of 2011 on low-cost apartment building which states that the process of sale and purchase of unit before the unit is completely built can be conducted through Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) made before a Notary. The PPJB stipulated by Paragraph 1 is executed after there are legal certainty over; a. landownership, b. ownership of building permit, c. the availability of facilities, infrastructures, and public utility, d. 20% (twenty per cent) minimally constructed, and the agreed terms. To manage the gained capital, it is necessary to correctly calculate everything in order to avoid bankruptcy. This research analyzes the effects of bankruptcy, which causes the auction on land and building. The issues discussed in this research are bankruptcy which leads to the auction of land and building assets, bankruptcy estate, and Limited Liability Company (PT)’s legal responsibility on its concurrent creditors. This research applies normative approach. The data were collected from documents or other references. They were analyzed qualitatively. The findings of this research show that the funds resulted from the auction was used to handle the auction fee, to pay both preferred and separatist creditors. Therefore, the concurrent creditors were not provided compensations as the results of the sold debtor’s assets. PT’s legal responsibility was to settle agreement only with the separatist creditors without involving concurrent creditors. Meanwhile, in building the low-cost apartment, concurrent also played great role to provide capital assistance by purchasing the unit of low-cost apartment. In fact, the settlement was only conducted with the separatist creditors. As a result, the concurrent creditors serve as the weakest party
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