Intellectual Property Rights is granted the exclusive rights to creators, inventors or designers for the creation or invention that has commercial value, either directly or through the automatic registration of the relevant agencies as awards, recognition should be given the protection of the rights of the community development law. Globally, the IPR will be used as collateral to obtain a bank loan internasional. In this law is necessary to realize the concept of legislation in each country who are willing to apply that regulate substance loading, binding, and registration of intellectual property as collateral. Key words: development of intellectual property rights, collateral, bank credit in Indonesia
The circulation of illegal drugs continues to increase from year to year, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. The circulation of these drugs must be disciplined and guarded so that the public is not harmed in terms of health or materially because the illegal drugs in circulation do not meet product and drug distribution standards. The research aims to explore the government's role in overcoming the distribution of drugs that are banned from circulating freely during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data comes from secondary data obtained by study documents, especially legal documents, including primary and secondary legal materials. Based on a study of the 1945 Constitution and health legislation found that the government must be responsible for tackling the circulation of drugs that are illegal from circulating freely to realize comprehensive public health. To deal with the distribution of drugs that are banned from circulating freely, the government established the Drug and Food Control Agency (BPOM) which oversees the distribution of pharmaceuticals and food in Indonesia. The supervision of drug distribution starts from the drug produced or before it is marketed (pre-market) to the drug marketing process (post-market).
The purpose of this study is to find a model of legal protection for forest conservation of the processed wood business. The development of the business in the processed wood industry makes the forest a natural wealth that has high economic value. Forest products which have high economic value must be preserved from those who are not responsible for illegally utilizing forest products. Legal protection to preserve forests is reflected in various regulations both issued by the Ministry of Trade and Industry and from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry by requiring forest product entrepreneurs to have licenses in the processed wood business. Processed wood entrepreneurs (furniture) who are members of the Small and Medium Industries (IKM) who will export their furniture must have SVLK (Timber Legality Verification System) document, but in its implementation it is still not effective. The research method used is the sociolegal research approach. The results of the study showed that the ineffectiveness of legal protection for forest preservation of processed wood business was caused by several aspects, namely legal aspects, economic aspects, and cultural aspects, therefore the importance of establishing a model of legal protection for forest preservation of the justicebased processed wood business, both from the substance aspect the law, the legal structure and the legal culture, so that the protection of the preservation of the forest will be realized in synergy with the processed wood business in a statutory regulation.
The existence of legal positivism that prioritizes legal certainty is expected to resolve various cybercrime criminal cases. One of them happened in the case of the Mojokerto City Government site hacking. The case has troubled the community, especially the city government of Mojokerto. The research method uses normative juridical research with a legal approach, concepts and collects primary legal materials in hacking rules and information technology in cybercrime crime. The study results found that the existence of legal positivism in the crime of cybercrime positions the law as statutory regulation and law as an order containing sanctions. In-Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions contains orders and prohibited actions. The actions taken by the suspect are deemed unfair if there are no sanctions or punishments because, according to legal positivism, justice that is legality (statutory regulation) is justice that prioritizes legal certainty. The law in force in article 46 paragraph 3 of Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions must be imposed on the suspect in the Mojokerto City government website hacking case.
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