AbstrakSalah satu komoditas yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan kinerja ekspor Indonesia sebagai negara agraris adalah lada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pasar potensial untuk ekspor lada yang bisa dikembangkan, serta mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor komoditas lada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RCA, EPD, X-Model, dan Gravity Model. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan model RCA, EPD, dan X-model menunjukkan bahwa ‘pasar optimis’ untuk dikembangkan adalah Belanda. Sedangkan ‘pasar potensial’ untuk dikembangkan adalah Malaysia, Vietnam, Korea Selatan, Rusia, Prancis, Belgia, Jerman, dan Amerika Serikat. Sementara itu hasil analisis dengan menggunakan model Gravity menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor adalah domestik bruto per kapita, populasi, harga ekspor, jarak ekonomi dan tarif. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor lada untuk mengembangkan pasar ekspor. Faktor tersebut diantaranya menjaga stabilitas harga ekspor, memilih pasar dengan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) per kapita yang tinggi, populasi yang besar dan cenderung meningkat, serta memiliki jarak ekonomi dan tarif yang kecil dan cenderung menurun. AbstractPepper is one of agricultural commodities that has significant export value for Indonesia. The study aims to analyze the potential market for pepper exports that can be developed, and the factors that influence pepper commodity exports. This research used RCA, EPD, X-Model, and Gravity Model methods. Using the RCA, EPD, and X-model the study indicated that ‘the optimistic market’ to be developed was the Netherlands. While ‘the potential markets’ to be developed were Malaysia, Vietnam, South Korea, Russia, France, Belgium, Germany and the United States. Using the Gravity model, it was confirmed factors affected export were gross domestic product per capita, population, export prices, economic distance and tariffs. This study recommends that the Government needs to consider the following factors including the stability of export prices, a market with high Dross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and a large population which tends to increase, and a small economic distance and tariff that tends to decline.
Sand is an important commodity for constructions. The largest sand mining in Tasikmalaya District is located in Sukaratu Sub District. This mining activites have a negative impact for the environment such as causing erosion and water pollution. This study was aimed to assess the impact of sand mining on the land and water conditions. The analysis method that was used in this study is the analysis of erotion rate using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) formula and the analysis of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) parameters. The results showed that the rate of erosion ranged from 163.49 to 1,194.16 ton/ha/year, with erosion hazard rate (TBE) were very heavy. The TSS value of Cibanjaran and Cikunir river water ranged from 26 to 186 mg/liter, this values were below the threshold but the effect is not good for the fishery.
<p><em>Village economic development should be focused on local potential. Each village has different potentials, one of which is Pagelaran Village which has local potential in footwear business development. In developing the footwear sector as the center of village economic growth, it is necessary to identify the problems and business needs. The Impotence Performance Analysis (IPA) method is carried out to measure the gap between the level of conditions and the level of importance of the variables in the development of a footwear business. From the results of the study concluded that the problems in the development of footwear businesses are limited capital, high raw material prices, decreasing number of workers, low selling prices, poor business management, lack of roles of craftsmen and government groups in business development. Results of the gap analysis indicate that the variable that has the largest gap is the variable role of the government in business development with a performance value of 33%. The village government through village community empowerment policies and programs that are very much needed by footwear entrepreneurs. To increase the footwear business, the village government needs to establish BUMDes with the main program, providing capital loans, procuring raw materials, joint marketing, and training in business management skills.</em></p><p> </p><p>Pembangunan ekonomi desa dapat dicapai dengan memperhatikan potensi lokal. Setiap desa memiliki potensi yang berbeda-beda, salah satunya Desa Pagelaran yang memiliki potensi lokal di bidang pengembangan usaha alas kaki. Dalam mengembangkan sektor alas kaki sebagai pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi desa maka perlu dikakukan identifikasi permasalah dan kebutuhan usaha. Sehingga dapat dirumuskan strategi pengembangan usaha alas kaki sebagai potensi lokal Desa Pagelaran. Metode Impotrance Performance Analysis (IPA) dilakukan untuk mengukur gap antara tingkat kondisi dan tingkkat kepentingan variabel-variabel pengembangan usaha alas kaki. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa masalah-masalah yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan usaha alas kaki adalah ketersediaan modal usaha, harga bahan baku yang tinggi, jumlah tenaga kerja semakin berkurang, buruknya manajemen usaha, tidakadanya peran kelompok pengrajin dan pemerintah dalam pengembangan usaha. Sedangkan hasil dari analisis gap menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang memiliki gap terbesar adalah variabel peran pemerintah dalam pengembangan usaha dengan nilai 2,96. Hal ini menunjukkan kehadiran pemerintah desa melalui kebijakan dan program pemberdayaan masyarakat desa sangat dibutuh oleh pengusaha alas kaki. Untuk meningkatkan usaha alas kaki pemerintah desa perlu membentuk BUMDes dengan program utama, pemberian pinjaman modal, pengadaan bahan baku, pemasaran bersama, dan pelatihan keterampilan manajemen usaha.</p>
<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali potensi lokal di Desa Pagelaran serta menentukan unit usaha BUMDes berbasia potensi lokal. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk mengidentifikasi potensi lokal desa. Data untuk mengidentifikasi potensi lokal diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, obeservasi, kajian literatur. Sedangkan untuk memilih unit usaha baru digunakan metode Promethee dengan data yang diperoleh dari hasil FGD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi lokal Desa Pagelaran adalah usaha di bidang alas kaki. Terdapat 89 UMKM alas kaki yang rata-rata memiliki lama usaha lebih dari 10 tahun. Usaha alas kaki di Desa Pagelaran belum berkembang pesat karena adanya beberapa kendala yaitu tenaga kerja, persaigan usaha, dan permodalan usaha. Permodalan UMKM alas kaki masih sangat bergantung pada pemilik modal yaitu tengkulak dan toko grosir. Untuk mengembangakan potensi lokal tersebut maka dibutuhkan peran Pemerintah Desa dan BUMDes. BUMDes harus dapat menggantikan peran tengkulak dengan membentu unit usaha baru yaitu pemasaran produk UMKM. BUMDes perlu membangun kemitraan dengan perusahaan fashion besar sebagai pasar.</p>
To reduce the level of less development region in Indonesia, special efforts are needed, one of which is through quality spending. The quality of spending can be measured through several variables, namely regional expenditure priorities, timeliness, allocation of expenditure, accountability and transparency, and effectiveness. This study aims to identify indicators that reflect these variables, and their effects on development performance. The data used are secondary data, namely Regional Government Implementation Evaluation (EPPD) data, APBD and their realization, BPK Opinion, Poverty, Unemployment, Gini Index, Economic Growth Rate, GRDP/Capita, and Human Development Index (HDI) during 2010-2018. The research objects are all underdevelopment areas in Java. The analytical method used is quantitative descriptive analysis techniques using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the study show that out of 28 less development region expenditure quality indicators in Java, there are 19 indicators capable of reflecting expenditure quality indicators. The quality of less development region spending on Java reflected by its indicators is also able to influence development performance, which can reduce poverty and increase the Human Development Index (HDI).
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